LEVAL (Lewal) ZHjul Lui (1823-1908), the French military theorist, the divisional general (1880). Negated " perpetually and invariable principles " military art, and also relation of the strategy to policy; attempted to create the "positive" strategy, highlighting technique of fulfilment of premeditation.

LEVANEVSKY Sigizmund Aleksandrovich (1902-37), the Russian pilot, the Hero of Soviet Union (1934). In 1934 participat in salvage of crew of motorship " ×åëþñêèí ", in 1936 has committed flight Los Angeles - Moscow. The member Central Executive Committee (Central Electoral Committee) of the USSR. Was missing at attempt of flight through an arctic pole.

LEVANT (from frants. levant or ital. levante - the Orient), non-proprietary name of countries, accumbent to eastern part of Mediterranean m. (Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Turkey, Greece, Cyprus), in fine-bored sense - Syria and Lebanon.

LEVANTINTSY, ethnographic group in structure of the Lebanese and syrian arabs, descendants of european migrants of epoch of the crusades which have mixed up with local population. Tongue Arabian.

LEVASSER (Levasseur) Pierre Emil (1828-1911), the French economist and the historian. Transactionses primarily on an economic history of France.

LEVASHOV Valentine Sergeevich (1915-94), the Russian composer and the choral conductor, the national actor of the USSR (1985). In 1941-49 chief of different army choral collectives. With 1954 artistic administrator of the Siberian national chorus, with 1962 - Russian national chorus him. Pjatnitskogo. Musical - scenic compositions, products for chorus, machining of Russian national songs.

LEVASHOV (Zinovjeva) Olga Stepanovna (1837-1905), Russian revoljutsionerka, in 1870 member - founder of Russian section of 1-st Internatsionala, on its means the log-book and the newspaper " National business " were emitted.

LEVVEJ, see Judah Faddej.

LEVEK (Levecq) Louise (1703 - between 1743 and 1745), the French writer. The writer of critical notes about " Don Kihote " M.Servantesa, poems " Sancho Pansa - the governor " (1738), verses, comedies and fairy tales. Novels " the Lily, or the History of Carthago ", " ours of eyelids, or Memoirs the column de Solenvilja " (both 1736).

LEVELLERY (English levellers, characters. - equalisers), the radical political party in the season of the English revolution of 17 century (up to 1647 left-handed wing independentov). Levellery led by Dzh. Lilbernom supported republic, against liquidation of a private property and have kept separate from diggers (t. n. True levellerov). Have sufferred a defeat in extirpation with independentami (1649).

LEVEN (Luven) (flam. Leuven, frants. Louvain), city in Belgium. 84 thousand inhabitants (1988). Metal-working, machine-building, chemical, impregnated-paper, a flavoring industry. University. Municipal museum Vanderkelen-Mertene. It is known with 884. In Middle Ages a residence of dukes Brabant. Gothic churches 13 - nach. 16 centuries, a town hall (15 century).

LEVENGUK (Leeuwenhoek) Anthony van (1632-1723), the Netherlands naturalist, one of founders of a scientific microscopy. Having produced lenss with 150-300-êðàòíûì increase, for the first time supervised and has sketched (publications with 1673) a number of Protozoa, spermatozoons, bacteria, erythrocytes and their motion in capillaries.

LEVENTAL Valery Jakovlevich (r. 1938), the Russian theatrical artist, the national artist of the USSR (1989), corresponding member AH (1988). Has issued many performances of the musical and drama theatres in Russia and abroad. In 1988-95 main artist of Major theatre. The state premium of the Russian Federation (1994).

LEVERKUSEN (Leverkusen), city in Germany, ground the Sowing. Rhine - Vestfalija, on r. Rhein. 161 thousand inhabitants (1992.) Center of a chemical industry (factory " Áåéåð "). Oil refining, machine-building, a metal-working industry.

LEVERE (Le Verrier) Urben Jean Zhozef (1811-77), the French astronomer, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1848). The main transactionses under the theory of motion of major planets, resistance of the Solar system. Ground probes of disturbances of Uranus has calculated (1846) orbit and a rule of the planet called as Neptune (I.G.Galle under indicatings Leverje in 1846 is open).

LEVZEJA, a stem of perennial grasses of a set of a thistle family. One of kinds - soiled a root.

LEVI (Levi) Karlo (1902-75), the italian writer, the painter, the public figure. The participant of movement of Resistance. The book of sketches " the Christ has stayed in Eboli " (1945), "Words - stones" (1955), " All honey was already terminated " (1964).

LEVI (Loewi) Otto (1873-1961), the Austrian physiologist. With 1940 in the USA. Has placed a chemical nature of drive of exaltation through synapses and a role in her of an acetylcholin. The Nobel Prize (1936, together with G.H.Dejlom).

LEVI Pol (1886-1971), the French mathematician. Transactionses on a theory of probabilities, function theories, to a functional analysis, mechanics.