BIWA, the lake largest in Japan on about. Honshu. 716 êì2. Depth up to 86 m. A drainage on r. Jodo in a hall. Osaka Quiet ok. It is paired by channels with Osaka and Kyoto. Navigation. Tourism.

CAMP (bivouac) (a nem. Biwak, frants. bivouac) (ustar)., parking of a troops outside of occupied points for a lodging for the night or leisure time activities.

BIVEN (Bevan) Enjurin (1897-1960), the leader of the left-handed wing of the Labour party of the Great Britain (since 1930th). In 1945-51 Minister of Health, in 1951 minister for transactionses; has quitted for demission in a mark of the protest against a course of a labour government.

BIVERBRUK (Beaverbrook) William Maksuell (1879-1964), baron, the English newspaper magnate. In 1918 and 1940-45 in government.

TUSKS, non-proprietary name of excessively developed tooths (tusks or cutters of both maxillas) for some mammals (elephants, sea cows, wild boars, etc.). The instrument of an offence and protection. Routinely 1 or 2 pairs; will grow during all life. Are used for manufacturing different hand-made articles.

BIVREST (Bilrest) (dr .-èñë. shivering road), in the Scandinavian mythology a rainbow represented as the bridge between ground and the root. Red colour in a rainbow symbolized igneous physical agent which handicapped to mount on the root ineistym to giants.

BI-GAN, in the Chinese mythology the godhood of oof, it was figured by the way the noble husband sitting on a throne.

BITTER ORANGE, the same, that a wild orange.

BIG-BAND (English Big band, characters. A major orchestra), the characteristic version of a jazz orchestra distinguished by fixed structure of instruments. Number of musicians in a big-band - 10-20 person. Development of a big-band began in 1920th, and in nach. 1930 on his basis there was a swing - one of basic styles of an orchestral jazz.

BIGGAR (Biggar) Joseph Gillis (1828-1890), the figure of irish national motion. The participant of Land league. The initiator of tactics of parliamentary obstruction; the adherent of compromises with the English liberals.

"BIGL" ("Beagle"), the military sailing corvette (Great Britain) known primarily on round-the-world expedition 1831-36 (commander R.Fitsroj) including C.Darvina. Displacement 235 t. In 20-40-Õ of 19 century on "Bigl" were led hydrographic activities on filming coasts JUzh. America, It is new. Zealand, the Sowing. Australia, etc.

BIDDEPOTI, see. Vidjapati.

BIDDER Genrih (1810-94), the Russian physiologist and the anatomist, corresponding member (1857) and the honorary member (1884) Petersburg AN. Transactionses on physiology and a histology of nervous system, physiology of a feed. Has found (1852) in heart of a frog on border of an auricle and a ventricle twin clumps of ganglionic cells (clusters Biddera). Has put forward (1842) hypothesis about the functional independence of sympathetic nervous system. Has created school of physiologists.

BIDERMAN Nahum Lvovich (1917-93), the Russian engineer, the expert in range of mechanics of a distorted body, Dr.Sci.Tech. (1959). Has created the theory of retina, has developed methods of calculation of the rubber-cord elastic elements and pneumatic tires. The lenin premium (1960).

BIDERMEJER (a nem. Biedermeier, Biedermaier), a style direction in german and Austrian art ok. 1815-48. In bidermejere submissions of burgher medium were reflected. The architecture and an ornamental art bidermejera processed forms of an empire style spirit of intimacy and a domestic cosiness. For painting bidermejera (G.F.Kersting, L.Richter, K.Shpitsveg in Germany, M.Shvind, F.Valdmjuller in Austria) typically thin, careful plotting of an interior, a nature, household component parts.

BIDZHAPUR, the state in India on Deccan in 15-17 centuries led by dynasty Adilshahov.

BIDZHARETTI (Bigiaretti) Libero (r. 1906), the italian writer. Themes of Resistance movement (the novel " Karlone, life of one Italian ", 1950; the story " School of thieves ", 1952), criticism of the modern society (novels "Congress", 1963, "Dublersha", 1968), the collection of stories (" the Person who has eaten a lion ", 1974); the book of memories ("Room", 1976).

BIDZIN (CHolokashvili) Ksansky (mind. 1660; under other data in 1664), the sacred Georgian prince who has headed Kahetinskoe revolt 1659. Memory in the Orthodox church on September, 18 (on October, 1).

BIDL (Beadle) George Uels (1903-89), American genetics. Basic transactionses on biochemical genetics. One of writers of the fundamental concept: " one gene - one ferment " (each gene is responsible for synthesis only one ferment, 1941). The Nobel Prize (1958, together with E.Tejtemom).

BILROT (Billroth) Teodor (1829-94), the german surgeon, one of founders of the modern surgery. For the first time has made removal of an esophagus (1872), larynxes (1874), a urinary bladder. Has developed methods of a resection of a stomach (1881-1884).

POOL (frants. billard, from bille - a sphere), 1) the game with spheres and kiem (a wooden stick) on a table with sides... 2) the Table for the game in a pool - with billiard pockets (apertures in sides) and without them.

BILJUNAS (Biliunas) Jonas (1879-1907), the Lithuanian writer. Stories "Out of work" (1903), " the First strike " (1903) and the story " the Sad fairy tale " (1907) - from life of workers.

BILJAR, medieval (10-13 centuries) city, in 12-íà÷. 13 centuries capital Bulgarii Volzhsko-Kamskoj. Residues about a seconds Biljarsk Tatarii.

BILJASUVAR (up to 1991 Pushkino), city (with 1966) in Azerbaijan, on plain Muganskoj. 19 thousand inhabitants (1991). A ginnery.

BIMA-SUMBANSKIE PEOPLES, group of peoples on the orient Indonesia (bima, sumbantsy, manggarai, havu, etc.), on islands Small Zondskogo arh. 3,1 million person (1992). Tongues of the Indonesian branch. On religion christians, moslems - sunnity and adherents of traditional convictions.

BIMBISARA (2-n a floor. 6 century up to n. e.), old indian tsar, the contemporary and the adherent of the Buddha.

BIM-BOM, the duet of the Russian musical clowns - is eccentric. Number is built in 1891 I.S.Radunskim (Bim) from F.Kortezi (Bom). Existed up to 1946 (with a rest) with miscellaneous partners Radunskogo.

BIMETAL (from bi... And metal), a material from two layers of heterogeneous metals or alloys (napr., steel and aluminium). Produce primarily simultaneous rolling or pressing of two preparations. Apply to a strength improvement and heat resistance of designs, drop of their mass or as a material with special properties (napr., for thermoregulators).

BIMETALLIZM, a monetary system at which the gold and silver act as the legalized universal equivalent and compound the basis of monetary circulation of country (16-19 centuries). In kon. 19 century in the majority of countries bimetallizm it is substituted by golden monometallism.

BIMIS (Bemis) Semjuel Flegg (1891-1973), the American historian, one of chiefs of the American historical association. Transactionses on a history of foreign policy the USA.

BEAM (English beams, plural from beam - a log, a balk), a transverse beam connecting onboard branches of a frame. Stiffens to decks and distributes a deck load on sides, bulkheads, etc. See also the Ship framing.

BIN (Bean) Alan (r. 1932), an astronaut the USA, the captain of 1-st rank Naval Forces in demission. Flight on "Apollo - 12" with transplantation to moon (November 1960), flight on "Apollo" and orbital station " Ñêàéëýá " (July - September 1973).

BINARY ALLOYS (from an armour. binarius - double), will consist of two components (metals or metal and metalloid).

BINAURAL EFFECT (from an armour. bini - two and auris - an ear), ability of the person and the maximum animal to determine a direction of a sound source. Because of that that ears are located on some distance, the note comes to nymas, differing on a phase and intensity that conducts to distinction of the pulses acting at central nervous system from a dextral and left-handed ear, and enables to determine a direction.

BINGEM (Bingham), a copper deposit in the west the USA (pieces. Utah). It is developed since 80th of 19 century. Hydrothermal mednoporfirovoe with Mo, to a rim of ore-bearing intrusions skarnovoe and zhilnoe. Reserves ok. 1,5 billion t ore with the mean content of 0,7 % Cu and 0,029 % Mo. Incidentally are extracted Pt, Pd, Se, Ni.

BINGEMTON (Binghamton), city on north-east the USA, pieces. New York. 53 thousand inhabitants (1990). A radio electronic industry, manufacture of the photogoods, shoes. University.

BINDENSHU (Bindensu, Bindensehu) Ruperts (1645-98), the Latvian architect. The representative of Baroque. With 1671 worked in Riga (a front of church Petera, 1689-94; t. n. Dwelling Rejterna, 1684-88).