GARBUZOV Nikolay Aleksandrovich (1880-1955), the Russian musicologist, the doctor of art criticism. The founder of the concept of a zonal nature of acoustical perception (see. A zone). The professor of the Moscow conservatory (1923-51).

GARUA, city in Cameroon; see. Garua.

The HARWARD ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY, the USA, is based in 1839. In 1955 it is joint with Smitsonovskoj an astrophysical observatory. Main routes of probes: variable stars; a photometry and a spectophotometery of asters, fogs, galaxies; radio astronomy; interior of asters; a cosmology.

The HARWARD SCHOOL, the direction of the political economy which have arisen in the USA after 1-st world war, studies a nature of a business cycle and economic conditions with the help of methods statistical and a calculus. The most outstanding representative of the Harward school - U.Mitchell.

The HARWARD SCHOOL of the RIGHT, one of basic currents of the American sociological school of the right. See also R.

The HARWARD UNIVERSITY, the USA, Cambridge, bliz Boston, is based in 1636 as college, has name Dzh. Harward (with 1639), bequeathed the capital to college. It is reorganized in university in 1-st quarter of 19 century. In 199117 thousand students.

GARVEJ (Harvi) (Harvey) William (1578-1657), the English doctor, the founder the modern physiologies and an embryology. Has described major and small circles of a blood circulation. In transactionses " Anatomic probe about motion of heart and blood for animal " (1628) has stated the doctrine about a blood circulation, denying the submissions prevailing from times Galena, for what exposed to persecution on the part of the modern to him of scientists and churches. For the first time has stated thought, that " all alive descends from eggs ".

GARVI (Garvey) Markus (1887-1940), the national hero of Jamaica, the ideologist of nationalistic motion of the American Negros " Back to Africa " (garvizm); the founder of World association on improvement of a rule of Negros (1914). Has created on Jamaica the National political party (1929) and a number of other organizations acting for self-management of country.

GARGANO (Gargano), the peninsula in a southeast of Italy, presses in Adriatic m. An altitude up to 1056 m. The Mediterranean bushes, epines of woods. Gardens, vineyards.

GARGZHDAJ (Gargzdai) (up to 1917 official title Gordzh), city (with 1965) in Lithuania, on r. Minija, in 18 kms from Klaipeda. 13,7 thousand inhabitants (1990). Metal working, an industry of a building materials.

GARDA (Garda), lake in a north of Italy, for foot of the Alpes. The area 370 êì2. Depth of 346 m. From Garda escapes r. Mincho (in-leak r. On). Navigation. Health resorts Garda, Sermione, Riva-del-Garda, etc.

GARDA (frants. garde, a basic meaning - guarding), a part of ephesus klinkovogo a cold steel, the employee for protection against impact of a paintbrush of an arm.

GARDABANI, city (with 1969) in Georgia. A depot. 17,7 thousand inhabitants (1990). The Tbilisi waterpower plant. Canning and kartonno-ruberoidnyj factories; knitted, furry factories.

HALYARD (Gardel) Karlos (1890-1935), the Argentina musician, the singer and a film actor. It is known as " king of a tango ".

MIDDY (frants. gardemarine, characters. - marine guards), a rank in the Russian VTR, content in 1716 for pupils of the higher companies of Marine academy, and after the Marine military school at a direction in fleet on practice.

GARDEN (Harden) (Harden) Arthur (1865-1940), the English biochemist. Transactionses on biochemistry of a spirit fermentation and the ferments participating in a nem. Has discovered coenzymes. Probeed a structure and function of coenzyme I (nicotine - amidadenindinukleotid). The Nobel Prize (1929, together with H.Ejlerom-Helpinom).

GARDEN - GROV (Garden Grove), city in the west the USA, pieces. California. 143,1 thousand inhabitants (1990, with suburbs). Manufacture of electronic - computers, an aeronautical engineering; furniture, a food-processing industry.

GARDENIA, stem of evergreen bushes or small trees of a set of a madder family. St. 100 (under other data, 250) kinds, in tropics and subtropics of Asia and Africa. Many kinds are decorative.

GAS-PIPE MAIN, a structure for transportation of combustible gases from a place of production or manufacture to points of consumption. Distinguish underground, above-ground (on supports), in a dike. The gas pressure in a main gas-pipe is sustained gazokompressornymi by stations. In terminations of a main gas-pipe gas-distribution stations are constructed. A maximum diameter of pipes of a main gas-pipe of 1420 mm.

GAS PERMEABILITY, property of solid partitions (membranes) to drop gas at existence of swing pressure on both parties of a partition. At a constant temperature fluence of gas is proportional to a pressure fall per unit of depth of a membrane. The constant of proportionality dependent on structure of a membrane and a nature of gas, calls as quotient of gas permeability.

DISCHARGE LIGHT SOURCES, gas-discharge devices, in which electrical power will be converted to power of optical radiance at transit of a current flow through gases (more often inert), pairs of substances (napr., pairs of mercury) or their mixes. According to a direct stimulus source distinguish gazosvetnye (neon, mercurial, sodium, xenon), luminescent, etc. Apply primarily to illumination, irradiation and the signalling.

The GAS-DISCHARGE DEVICE (the ion device), the electronic device, which action it is based on use of different kinds of electric discharges in gases or pairs of metals. Distinguish gas-discharge devices of a glow discharge (cold-cathode thyratrons, digital indicator lamps, etc.), an arc discharge, primarily with the glowed cathode (thyratrons, tacitrons, mercury-arc rectifiers, etc.), a spark discharge (three-electrode arcs, etc.), corona discharge (stabilitrons, etc.). The separate group of gas-discharge devices is compounded with discharge light sources, gaseous optical masers, etc.

GAS-DISTRIBUTION STATION, the installation depressing a gas pressure at his feed in distribution networks of consumption.

GAZOSVETNAJA the TUBE, a discharge light source by the way a glass tube, gap-filling a neon, argon, etc. gases with the additive of mercury. Gazosvetnaja the tube with a neon shines orange-red light, with argon and pairs of mercury - blue. It is applied to illuminated signs.

The GAS-FILLED RECTIFIER DIODE (from gas and... A throne), the discharge 2-electrode device with the semi-self-sustained arc or a glow discharge, gap-filling noble gas, pairs of mercury or hydrogen. It is used primarily as a valve in high-voltage rectifiers.

The GAS-TUBE BOILER, steam boiler in which light-end products of combustion of fuel pass on steel pipes (water circulates in outside of tubes). Distinguish zharotrubnye and fire-tube boilers. Gas-tube boilers are extruded by water tube boilers (were saved only on motorships and steam locomotives).

The GAS-TURBINE POWER STATION, TES in which in the capacity of a drive of an electricity generator the combustion turbine is used.

GAS-TURBINE FUEL, the mix of fluid hydrocarbon used in the capacity of of fuel for gas-turbine fixed (cogeneration stations) and transport (locomotives, automobiles, court) installations. Receive a crude distillation or at its recycling (napr., cracking).

GAS-TURBINE ENGINE (turbine engine), the thermal engine in which power of the steam-and-gas mixture received at combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber, will be converted to mechanic activity with the help of a combustion turbine. It is applied basically on the cogeneration station to a drive of electric generators, in the capacity of engines of transport machines, power plants of courts.

GAZOTURBOVOZ, the locomotive with a gas-turbine engine, an electricity generator and thrust electric motors. First gazoturbovozy have appeared in it is grey. 20 century. As contrasted to a gasoline locomotive have smaller unit weight, it is easier on a design, but have low efficiency (approximately in 2 times below, than for a gasoline locomotive).

GAZOTURBOHOD, a vessel with a gas-turbine power plant. First gazoturbohody have appeared in it is grey. 20 century. Light turbines of air type establish on foilcrafts and on an air buffer, heavy - on timber carriers, "roll-on" ships, etc.

GAZOFRAKTSIONIRUJUSHCHAJA INSTALLATION, a complex of apparatuses gazopererabatyvajushchih, petrochemical and chemicals plants for unmixing light hydrocarbon on personal substances.

FLUE, 1) the channel derivated by surface elements of heating steam or a hot-water boiler. 2) the Gas passage from furnace plants and furnaces in a flue (calls also as duct or a pig).

GASES PETROLEUM WAY, hydrocarbon gases (ethane, propyl hydride, butane, etc.), concomitant petroleum and secreted from it at separation; valuable raw material for petrochemical and a chemical industry.

GASES NATURAL COMBUSTIBLE, mixes of hydrocarbon of methanoic lines and not hydrocarbon components, meeting in a sedimental volva of earth crust as loose clumps, and also in dissolved (in petroleum and edge water), dissipated (sorbed by breeds) and solid (in gazogidratnyh deposits) conditions. In gases natural combustible the main component - methane (up to 98 %), ethane, propyl hydride, butane, isobutane and pentane enter also. Combustion heat of 32,7 MDZH/M3 and is higher. World reserves over 113 bln. in m3 (1992).

GAI, State automobile inspection.

GAIANIJA (Gajane) Armenian (mind. 304), igumenija, prepodobnomuchenitsa, one them 35 maidens damaged in persecution of the Armenian tsar Tiridata. Memory in the Orthodox church on September, 30 (on October, 13).

GAY (1 century), apostle from 70-òè, the pupil of apostle Paul (the Message to Romans 16:23; 1 epistle to the corinthians 1:14), diocesan Efessky (after apostle of Timotheus). Memory in the Orthodox church on January, 4 (17) and on November, 5 (18).