BRISBANE (Brisbane), city and a port on the orient Australia, an administrative centre pieces. Queensland. 1,3 million inhabitants (1990, with suburbs). A machine industry, oil refining, chemical, a food-processing industry; ship-building shipyard. University.

BRISEIDA, in the Grecian mythology the daughter of tsar lelegov Briseja, captive Ahilla. Agamemnon has taken away her for Ahilla after has been compelled to return belonging to him Hriseidu to its father. It was the cause of anger Ahilla and quarrels between ahejskimi leaders (a scene of "Illiada" Gomera).

BRISSO (Brissot) Jacque Pierre (1754-93), the figure of the French revolution kon. 18 century, the leader zhirondistov. In the Convent with 1792 headed extirpation against jakobintsev. Under the sentence of the Revolutionary tribunal it is executed.

IVORY BAY Atlantic ok., for southwest coasts of the Great Britain. Length of 230 kms, depth up to 50 m. Primary ports: Bristol, Cardiff, Newport.

IVORY BAY Beringova in m., for southwest coasts of Alaska. Width for an orifice ok. 480 kms, depth of 27-54 m. Fishery (a cod, a flounder, etc.).

BRITAEV Elbyzdyko TSopanovich (1881-1923), the ossetic playwright. Plays (including tragedy "Amran", 1913-23, it is issued in 1927) proniknuty social - liberation motives.

BRITANISHSKY Vladimir Lvovich (r. 1933), the Russian writer, a translator. Collections of verses: "Searches" (1958), "Lines of communication" (1966), "Open-space" (1980), etc. Books of prose: " District of past summer " (1969), etc.

BRITAIN, one of ancient titles (from brittov) the modern terrain of England, Scotland and Wales.

The BRITISH ACADEMY, is based in 1901 in the London for assistance to development of historical, philosophical and philological probes. Executes a scientific - methodical guiding of activity of the British schools and institutes in a number of the Asian countries, Greeces and Italy. In 1991 - 531 member.

The BRITISH EMPIRE, the concept including the Great Britain and its colonial possessions; has come in the official use in 1870th. 20 century during disintegration of colonial system instead of concept British Empire included in the use of concept British Commonwealth of the nations, Commonwealth.

BRITISH COLUMBIUM (British Columbia), a province in the west of Canada. 947,8 thousand êì2. The population 3,1 million person (1990). Adm. ts. - Victoria.

" The BRITISH ENCYCLOPEDIA " ("Britannika") (Encyclopaedia Britannica), 1) the generalpurpose encyclopedia. There was with 1768 in Edinburgh (Great Britain), then in the London. With nach. 20 century actually the britano-American issuing, with nach. 40th are issued by the American book-publishing firm " the British encyclopedia ". In 1974 there was a new, 15 issuing in 30 volumes (1 volume - "Propaedia", 10 volumes - "Micropaedia", 19 volumes - "Macropaedia"), are annually emited in the staticized reprint (in 1987 - in 32 vol.). Leave a year-book " the British encyclopedia " (with 1938), and also year-books on science, medicine... 2) the American book-publishing firm in Chicago, with nach. 40th of 20 century, branches in the London, Toronto, Geneva, Tokyo, Sydney, etc. Issues " the British encyclopedia ", and also branch encyclopedias, dictionarys, issuings for children and youthes, including the encyclopedia "Compton" ("Compton"), fiction, etc.

The BRITISH ISLANDS, between Atlantic ok. And Boreal m. Ok. 314,4 thousand êì2. On British isles - the states Great Britains and Ireland (2 like large islands), actuate groups Gebridskih, Orknejskih, islands Shetlendskih, and also island Anglesea, Maine, etc.

The BRITISH HONDURAS (British Honduras), the title of the state Belize up to 1973.

The BRITISH CONGRESS of the TRADE-UNIONS, the largest profobedinenie the Great Britain. It is based in 1868. It is connected to the Labour party. 8,4 million person (1990). Enters into the International confederated states of loose trade unions.

The BRITISH MUSEUM in the London, one of the largest museums of the world. It is based in 1753, it is open in 1759 (the building - 1823-47, architect R.Smerk). Monuments of virgin art, drevnevostochnoj and an ancient art and art, medieval art of Europe and the Orient; ethnographic monuments of Africa, America, Oceania; collection of drawings, gravures, manuscripts, ceramics, coins, medals.

The BRITISH COMMONWEALTH, see. Commonwealth.

" BRITISH AEROSPEJS " (British Aerospace), English aviaraketno-space and an automobile company largest in country in these branches. It is based in 1977, after nationalization of 4 main English air firms. In 1981 it is to denationalized (a part of shares has remained with the state). In 1988 has joined master national automobile company " a Rover grup ". Sales volume 10 billion dol., a net profit 278 million dol., figure occupied in 131 thousand person kon. 1980th.

" BRITISH PETROLEUM " (British Petroleum), the English petroleum company. It is based in 1909.38 % of shares belongs to the state. Gets petroleum in the USA (Alaska) (ok. 60 %) and in Boreal m. (ok. 40 %); processes in 25 countries. Sales volume 46,2 billion dol., a net profit 2,2 billion dol., a crude production 77,5 million t, a thorough revision 96,2 million t., figure occupied in 126 thousand person kon. 1980 gg..

BOREL (Borel) Emil (1871-1956), the French mathematician, foreign corresponding member AN the USSR (1929). Transactionses on a calculus, function theories, mathematical physics and a theory of probabilities.

BORESKOV George Konstantinovich (1907-84), Russian fizikohimik, academician AN the USSR (1966), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1967). Transactionses under the theory of a catalysis, mathematical modelling of industrial catalytic processes. Has developed new industrial catalysts. State premiums of the USSR (1942, 1953).

BORESKOV Michael Matveevich (1829-98), the Russian artificer officer, the general - lieutenant. Supervised over installation of mine-fields during Crimean (1853-56) and russko-turkish (1877-78) wars. Has offered a method of calculation of charges for blasting (formula Boreskova).

The FIGHTER, in botany - the same, that an aconite.

BORETSKIE (Isakovy), family of the Novgorod boyars of 15 century. Are known: 1) Isaak Andreevich (? - ok. 1460), sedate posadnik in 1438-1439 and 1453; his wife - Martha Posadnitsa... 2) Dmitry Isaakovich (? - 1471), sedate posadnik in 1471, it is captivated in SHelonskoj to battle and it is executed by Ivan III;.. 3) Feodor Isaakovich, arrested for activity hostile to Moscow.

BORZHOMI, city (with 1921) in Georgia, on r. The hen. A railway junction. 19,3 thousand inhabitants (1991). Balneal and a climatic health resort. Factory on spreading capacity of mineral waters. Theatre. A study of local lore museum.

BORZHOMSKOE the GORGE, a gorge r. The hen, between Meshetskim and Trialetskim hr. On M.Kavkaze, in Georgia. Depth up to 1500 m, length of 60 kms. Broad-leaved and coniferous forests.

BORZNA, city (with 1966) on Ukraine, the Chernigov region, in 14 kms from zh.-d. An item. The daughter. 12,7 thousand inhabitants (1991). A brick - kiln, the alimentary enterprises. It is based in 16 century.

BORZOV Alexander Aleksandrovich (1874-1939), the Russian fiziko-geographer, the geomorphologist. The professor of the Moscow state university (with 1918), the honored worker of science of Russia (1935). Has placed some regularities of development of erosive and morainal landscapes of plains, the causes of education of asymmetry of valleys and interfluves.

BORZOV Valery Filippovich (r. 1949), the Ukrainian sportsman (track and field), the deserved master of sport (1970). The champion of Olympic Games (1972), the repeated champion of Europe and the USSR (in 1969-76) in trot race on 100 and 200 m. the President of National Olympic committee of Ukraine (with 1991).

BORZOV Ivan Ivanovich (1915-74), the commander, marshal of aircraft (1972). The hero of Soviet Union (1944). During Great Domestic war has committed 147 sorties.

BORZOI, group of breeds of hunting dogs of an ancient origin. From major (over 20) figures of breeds slavjatsja Russian borzoi, differ speed trot race. Hunt with a borzoi (for a hare, the fox, the wolf, etc.) routinely top part (having 2-3 and more dogs).

BORI, village in Karagaulskom r-not Georgia where it is open (nach. 20 century) the burial of the first centuries n. e. With affluent funeral stock: weapons, golden and silver ware, dressings, etc.

BORIDES, chemical combinations of a milletgrass with metals. Crystals, adamantine, high-melting, heat resisting. Components solid and high-temperature alloys, refractories, antiwear coatings, cathodes of electronic devices.

BORATING, saturation of a surface of items from steel and some other metals a milletgrass for increase of hardness, a heat-resistance and wear-resistance (primarily abrasive).

BORIS (?-1015), prince Rostov, the son of prince Vladimir I. It is killed by adherents Svjatopolka I. Together with brother Glebom it is sainted Russko-orthodox.

BORIS I (?-907), the Bulgarian prince in 852-889. In 864 has entered christianity (on an orthodox sample).

BORIS III (1894-1943), tsar of Bulgaria in 1918-43. Promoted tumble (1923) A.Tsankova. Conducted pro-German foreign policy.

BORIS ALEKSANDROVICH (?-1461), grand duke Tver with 1425. In the union with Dmitry Shemjakoj struggled against Vasily of II Dark, has reconciled from nymas later. Wared against Novgorod (1446). Under his order the annals stating a world history up to 1453 has been constituted.