AUXILIARY HISTORICAL DISCIPLINES (special historical disciplines), study fixed kinds or the separate parties of the form and the content of historical sources (a genealogy, heraldry, diplomatics, a historical metrology, numismatics, paleography, sfragistika, chronology, etc.).

FLARE STARS (such as UV the Whale), a version eruptivnyh variable stars, cool red dwarfs with bright lines of hydrogen and a calcium in a spectrum, for which in some day (it is rare - hours) short-lived increase of luster is supervised.

"VSPYSHKOPUSKATELI", the title revolutionary narodnicheskogo a mug in Saint Petersburg in 1874 (I.I.Kablits-Juzov, etc.). Aspired to raise country revolt, in the summer 1874 - participants " boatings in people ", members of " the Kiev commune ". Are convicted on " to process 193 ".

COLLIDING BEAMS, experimental research technique of fundamental particles, in which two bunches of speedup of charged particles (electrons, protons, positrons, antiprotons, etc.) move towards one another, interacting on a plot of meeting. The boost installation with colliding beams calls as a collider.

COUNTER CROCKED EGGS (counter battle), troop operations at which both parties aspire to decide tasks in view approach.

The COUNTER CLAIM, in a civil procedure the lawsuit of a transponder to the claimant, stated in court or arbitration in already arisen process. It is considered together with the initial claim. Under the Russian right strikes root, if he is directed to offset of the initial claim if the satisfaction of the counter claim excludes in full or in part satisfaction of the initial claim, etc. Joint consideration of the initial claim and the counter claim promotes faster and correct consideration of chaffers. The counter claim irrespective of his jurisdiction is presented in the court construing the initial claim, with observance of common rules of suing.

The INTRODUCTION, in music - section of the piece of music, preforming occurrence of one of his parts; in operas, large vokalno-tool compositions - a stem of the overture (see also the Introduction, the Prelude).

GERMINATING SEEDS, ability of seeds to give for the law day normal sprouts or shoots. It is determined by attitude (in %) figures it is germ (laboratory germinating seeds) or shoots (a field germination rate of seeds) to figure vysejannyh seeds.

"STUFF", the weekly, Saint Petersburg, 1769 (52 extensions), 1770 (18 extensions). The issuing was led by G.V.Kozitsky, secretary Ekaterina II, under a secret guiding of the empress.

The SECOND EMPIRE, in France the season of board of emperor of Napoleon III (on December, 2 1852 - on September, 4 1870). The end of the Second empire was put with September revolution 1870.

The SECOND SOLAR ESCAPE VELOCITY, see. Parabolical speed.

The SECOND SIGNAL SYSTEM which is inherent to the person system of conditioned-reflex communications, speech signals formed at influence, i.e. not a direct stimulus, and his verbal notation. The second signal system arises on the basis the first signal system during a people-to-people contact. Concept about the second signal system has entered into 1932 I.P.Pavlov.

SECONDARY PERIGASTRIUM, the same, that the whole.

METANEPHROS, the same, that a metanephros.

SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION, emitting of electrons (secondary) solid and fluid bodies at bombing their surface by primary electrons. It is used for intensifying electronic torrents in electrical vacuum devices, napr., in photomultiplier tubes.

VTORICHNOROTYE, the sub-section of the animal kingdom, including Echinodermata, poluhordovyh and chord. As against Protostomia, for vtorichnorotyh the actinostome for the mature animal will be derivated not from a mouth of a germ, and arises anew.

SECONDARY QUALITIES, in philosophy - see. Primary and a secondary qualities.

SECONDARY MINERALS, the minerals which are generatrix at the expense of chemical destruction or replacement before secured minerals.