BASTIAN (Bastian) Adolf (1826-1905), the german ethnographer, the doctor. Has based the Berlin museum of ethnography (1868). In transactionses on spiritual crop has put forward idea of unity of human psychics to which explained unity of crop of all peoples.

The BASTILE (Bastille), strength in Paris, is constructed in 1370-82; since 15 century state prison. Sturm of the Bastile (on July, 14 1789) insurgent people was the beginning of Great French revolution (it is marked with 1880 as a national holiday of France). In 1790 Bastile was sryta.

BASTION (frants. bastion), 5-coal strengthening by the way a projection in angles of a serf railings (see. Strength) for obstrelivanija districts ahead and along fortifications and pits. Were applied up to it is grey. 19 century.

BASTNEZIT, a mineral, ftorkarbonat cerium, Ce [CO3] (F, OH). Yellow, reddish, brown crystals, are more often acinose units. Hardness 4-5; firmness of 4,9-5,2 kg / m3. Meets in hydrothermal deposits. Main raw material for obtaining cerium.

BASTEN-LEPAZH (Bastien-Lepage) ZHjul (1848-84), the French painter. Realistic patterns from country life (" Rural love ", 1882).

BASUTO (Basuto), a plateau in Drakensberg mountains, in terrain Lesotho, in JUzh. To Africa. An altitude up to 3482 m. Zlakovo-fruticose vegetation and dry steppes.

BASUTOLAND, in 1884-1966 possession of the Great Britain in Africa. About 1966 state Lesotho.

BASUTCHAJSKY RESERVATION, in the south of Azerbaijan, in Zangelanskom r-not, in a bass. r. Basutchaj. It is based in 1974. The area 107 ga. A unique grove European plane.

"BASF" (" Badishe aniline und soda of factories "), the chemical company of Germany. It is based in 1865. Up to 1952 entered in German chemical concern " I.G.Farbenindustri ". Sales volume 25 billion dol., a net profit 802 million dol., figure occupied in 135 thousand person (kon. 1990th).

BATH (Bath), city in the Great Britain. England, on r. Avon, bliz Ivory a hall. Atlantic ok. 80 thousand inhabitants (1981). A balneal health resort (thermal radon waters were used still by Romans, it is based in 1 century, settlement Akve-Sulis). A machine industry, mild, a printing industry. Annual musical festivals.

" BATH INDASTRIS " (BAT Industries), the English alimentary company, one of master TNK in the world. It is based in 1902. Issues tobacco items (1-n in the capitalist world), alimentary, cosmetic, impregnated-paper and other goods. Sales volume 14,1 billion dol., a net profit 1,8 billion dol., figure occupied in 157 thousand person (kon. 1990th).

BATH (Bata), city and a port in Equatorial Guinea, an administrative centre of terrain of the Rio-Mooney - a continental part of country. 24 thousand inhabitants (1985). Cement and sawing factories.

BATH, in egyptian mythology one of the most ancient gods, was honored in a mode of the bull.

BATAVIA (Batavia), the title of capital of Indonesia of Jakarta.

The REPUBLIC BATAVSKAJA, is professed in terrain of Netherlands in 1795 after occupation by their French republican troops. It is called on nation batavov. It is transformed by Napoleon I into the Dutch kingdom dependent on France (1806-10).

BATAVY, the German nation in delta of Rhein. With kon. 1 century up to n. e. Under an authority of Rome, against which in 69 n. e. Have raised revolt led by TSivilisom (it is suppressed in 70).

BATAJ (Bataille) George (1897-1965), the French writer and the philosopher. Denial of any prescribed allowances of human conduct, the statement of the sovereignty of will, "scandalous" forms of self-implementation of the personality in cultural - philosophical compositions (including the essay " Internal experience ", 1943, " the Literature and is angry ", 1957), in novels and stories (" the History of an eye ", 1928; "Madam Edward", 1941; " Washing mother ", it is published in 1966), gap-filling by the blasphemies shocking with patterns of erotic experience, resulting in to autodestruction and bent for of mors.

BATAYSK, city (with 1938) in the Russian Federation, the Rostov region. A railway junction. 93,7 thousand inhabitants (1992). The enterprises of a railway transport. Energomehanichesky, assembly preparations and other factories; alimentary, a light industry.

BATAKI, group of peoples (toba, karo, pakpak, simalungun, mandajling, angkola) in Indonesia (basically on about. Sumatra). 4,5 million person (1992). Tongues will derivate group in structure of the Indonesian tongues. Believers - moslems - sunnity, toba - protesters, karo hold on to traditional convictions.

BATALER (frants. batailleur), a face knowing on the ships and bases food, ware and other supply.