BATIK (malajsk)., technique of paintings, and also the multicolour cloth decorated with her. Drawing put a flake of wax, a matter alight in a paint which imbues not wax-lined parts of a tissue. The paintings a batik is long since known for peoples of Indonesia, India, etc. In Europe - since 20 century.

BATHYMETRIC CHARTS (from grech. bathys - steep and metreo - I measure), map a submerged relief through isobaths together with marks of depths.

BATHYPLANE (from grech. bathys - steep and an armour. planum - a plane), the single-seat towed apparatus for supervision underwater. It is dipped and retained on necessary depth (some tens meters) by the pilot - look-out located in a hermetic body with the help of control surfaces.

The BATHYSCAPH (from grech. bathys - steep and skaphos - a vessel), an abyssal powered vehicle for oceanographic, etc. probes. Will consist from steel spheres - nacelles (crew 1-3 persons, devices) and floats - bodies, the filled lighter, than water, a filling agent (routinely petrol). Buoyancy is adjusted by release of ballast and extension of petrol. Goes with the help of the propellers powered by electromotors. The first bathyscaph is constructed by Swiss physicist O.Pikkarom in 1948. In 1960 on bathyscaph " Trieste " the bottom of Mariana trench in Quiet ok is reached. (ok. 11 t. ì).

CAMBRIC (frants. batiste), the thin, translucent linen or a cotton of a calico weave. From cambric sew a lingerie, a light dress.

CAMBRICS - I-SALDIVAR (Batista y Zaldivar) Ruben Fulhensio (1901-73), the dictator of Cuba in 1934-44 and 1952-58; in 1940-44 and 1954-58 the post of the president officially held. Will overthrow during Cuban revolution.

The BATHYSPHERE (from grech. bathys - steep and sphaira - a sphere), a deep-diving vehicle in the form of a sphere (it is routine from steel) for oceanographic and other probes; alights on a cable from a vessel. Crew (1-2 persons), research instrumentation, an air revitalization system, the earphone. The maximum depth reached with the help of the bathysphere, 1360 m (1948). Since 1950th instead of the bathysphere routinely apply hydrostats.

The BATHYTHERMOGRAPH (from grech. bathys - steep, therme - it is warm and... Columns), the device for continuous measurement of vertical distribution of temperature of water in high layer starving (up to 200 ì); allows a message of measurement on the move a vessel.

BATITSKY Paul Fedorovich (1910-84), Marshal of Soviet Union (1968), the Hero of Soviet Union (1965). In Great Domestic war the division commander and bodies. In 1965-66 1-st deputy chief of the General Staff. In 1966-78 commander-in-chief Signals Commands of air defence of country - the deputy minister of the defence of the USSR.

BATLEJKA (betlejka), a national puppet theater in Belarus (16 - nach. 20 centuries). It is close to the Ukrainian cavern, Russian theatre of the Parsley.

BUTLER (Butler) Nicolas Mjurrej (1862-1947), the American teacher, the professor (with 1885) philosophy and psychology of the Colombian university (in 1901-45 president of university). One of organizers of pacifist movement. The president of Fund of an international peace him. Carnegie (with 1925). The Nobel Prize of the world (1931, together with Dzh. Addams).

BUTLER (Butler) Semjuel (1612-80), the English writer. Iroikomicheskaja poem "Gudibras" (1663-78, it is unfinished) - satyr on hypocrisy of bourgeoises - puritans of the season of the English revolution of 17 century.

BUTLER Semjuel (1835-1902), the English writer. Antibourgeois satirical dilogija "Edgin" (an anagram of the word "anywhere", 1872) and " Recurring in Edgin " (1901); the realistic novel "Life" (it is published in 1903). Prosaic transfer of poems Gomera.

BATLE-I-ORDONES (Batlle y Ordonez) Hose (1856-1929), the president of Uruguay in 1903-07 and 1911-15. Since 1880th the leader of a reformist consignment "Colorado" (with nach. 20 century. Batljistskaja a consignment). Has executed a number of social reforms in protection of a national industry, has entered laws on a 8-hour working day, on pensions.

BATTEMENT (Batman), city on the orient Turkey. 147 thousand inhabitants (1990). Petroleum refinery.

BATNA, city on north-east of Algeria, adm. ts. vilaji Batna. 182 thousand inhabitants (1987). A cotton-mill, tanning manufacture. It is based as a military post in 1844. In environs Batna - debris drevnerimskogo. Timgad.

BATOV Ivan Andreevich (1767-1841), the Russian master of musical instruments (a violin, altos, violoncelloes, gears quadrants). Up to 1822 serfs.

BATOV Pavel Ivanovich (1897-1985), the commander, the general (1955), doubly the Hero of Soviet Union (1943, 1945). In Great Domestic war since October 1942 up to the extremity of war by commanding 65-th army. In 1962-65 chief of headquarters of Consolidated Armed forces of the state-participants of the Warsaw agreement. In 1970-81 chairman of the Soviet committee of war veterans.

BATOGI, a stick, used for corporal punishments in Russia till 18 century.

BATOZHSKAJA BATTLE, 22-23.5.1652 (natural limit Batog, nowadays Vinnitsa region). Rout of 20-thousand Polish a troops the Ukrainian army, one of decisive battles of Liberation war 1648-54.