BEK (trot race, bej) (the turki. - the master, mister; a synonym the arab. Emir), 1) a title znati in countries Short-range and Compare. The orient. For Turkic peoples Compare. Asia and Transcaucasia in Middle Ages and new time a title of the landowner... 2) In Turkey about 2-nd floor. 19 century up to 1934 form of the circulation... 3) In Tunis in 1705-1957 hereditary governor.

BEK Alexander Alfredovich (1902/03-72), the Russian writer. The story about heroic protection of Moscow in 1941 "highways Volokolamskoe" (1943-44), the novel " Life Berezhkova " (1956.) Roman " New destination " (it is published in 1986) about the moral problems generated by command system of steering in 1930-50-Õ. Roman " For other day " (it is uncompleted, published in 1989) about headstreams of a phenomenon stalinshchiny.

BEKABAD (up to 1964 Begovat), city (with 1945) in Uzbekistan, the Tashkent region, on r. Syr-Darya. A depot. 82,8 thousand inhabitants (1991). A metallurgical plant, manufacture of a building materials (cement combine, etc.); food industry enterprises.

BEKAR (frants. becarre) (musical), a mark cancelling increase or kickdown of any stage{step} zvukorjada on a demitint or on the whole tint.

SNIPES, stem of birds of a set of plover birds. Length up to 30 see 13 kinds{views}. Are distributed widely (except for Australia). Dwell{live} in crude and morasses. During current flights lateral control feathers emit peculiar notes. Object of a hunt. The Japanese snipe - in Russia is rare and is guarded.

BEK-BUDI, the title of Karshi in Uzbekistan in 1926-37.

BEKDASH, a urban settlement in Turkmenii, the Balkan region, a port on the Caspian m. Marine ferry crossing Bekdash - Baku. 7,3 thousand inhabitants (1991.) softwares "Karabogazsulfat".

BEKET (Becket) Thomas (1118-70), archbishop Kenterberijsky with 1162; the chancellor of England with 1155. The opponent policies Genriha II, directed on subordination of the English church of temporal power. It is killed under the order of king.

BEKET (Becket) Uelton (1902-69), the American architect. Has worked out a concept " complex{integrated} designing " (total design), providing a team work of architects, engineers, artists on a landscape at all stages of execution of the order.

BEKETOV Alexander Ivanovich (r. 1970), the Russian sportsman (fencing on swords). The deserved master of sport (1996). The champion of Olympic Games (1996) and Russia (1994) in personal offset.

BEKETOV Alexey Nikolaevich (1862-1941), the Ukrainian architect. Worked in Kharkov predominary in traditions Russian klassitsisticheskoj architectures: site development of a square. Teveleva (1898-1907), bodies of the Agricultural institute (1907-12), bank (1932).

BEKETOV Andrey Nikolaevich (1825-1902), the Russian botanik-evolutionist, one of founders of structural botany and phytogeography, the founder of scientific school, corresponding member (1891), the honorary member (1895) Petersburg AN. Studied regularities of a structure of vegetative organs of plants, problems of zonality of a plant cover and expediency in wildlife. The writer of the first Russian tutorial "Phytogeography" (1896).

BEKETOV Nikolay Nikolaevich (1827-1911), the Russian scientist, the founder of domestic school fizikohimikov, the academician Petersburg AN (1886). Brother Andrey Nikolaevicha Beketova. Has discovered a way of restoration of metals from their oxides, having put in pawn a fundamentals of aluminothermy. Has found replacement{expulsion} of metals from solutions of their salts hydrogen under pressure. Has organized first in Russia thermochemical laboratories.

BEKESHI (Bekesy) Djerd (George) (1899-1972), physics. By origin the Hungarian, with 1947 in the USA. Transactionses on a bioacoustics. Has discovered the physical mechanism of exaltation in an internal ear. The Nobel Prize (1961).

BEKESCSABA (Bekescsaba), city in a southeast of Hungary, an administrative centre medje Bekesh. 70 thousand inhabitants (1985). Machine-tool construction, an agricultural machine industry, textile, a food-processing industry.

BEKINGEM (Bakingem) (Buckingham) George Viljers (1592-1628), duke, a favorite and minister for the English kings of Jacob I and Charles I Stjuartov. It was condemned by parliamentary opposition and puritans as a main explorer absoljutistskoj policies. It is killed by the army officer.

BEKKARIA (Beccaria) CHezare (1738-94), the italian educator, the lawyer, the publicist. Ideas Bekkaria about necessity of a proportionality of punishment and a crime, etc. have played the important role in formation of democratic principles of a criminal law.

BEKKE (Becke) Fridrih (1855-1931), Austrian mineralog and the petrographer, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1912). Has developed an immersion method of measurement of refractive indexes of solid matters (method Bekke). Has placed{installed} the law of a sectorial structure of crystals (law Bekke).

BEKKENBAUER (Bechenbauer) Frants (r. 1945), the german sportsman and the trainer. It adjudicated by the best football player of Europe (1972, 1976). The world champion (1974) and Europe (1972), the owner of the Cup of european champions (1974, 1975, 1976). The trainer of a combined team of the Germany (1987-90) which have won a world championship 1990.