BENDZHEDID SHadli (r. 1929), the president of Algeria in 1988-92. The chairman of a consignment Front of national discharging in 1988-91 (with 1979 secretary general). The colonel (1969).

BENDZIN (Bedzin), city in Poland, in Verhnesilezskoj agglomerations. 76,2 thousand inhabitants (1990). A coal mining, a machine industry, nonferrous machine industry. A study of local lore museum in the clasp of 14 century.

BENDI (English bandy), the title of bandy adopted in an international sporting nomenclature on ice.

BENDIGO (Bendigo), city in the south of Australia. Ok. 50 thousand inhabitants (1984). A meat and textile industry.

BENDIDA (Bendis), frigijskaja the goddess of the moon. In Other. Greeces it was identified with Artemis. In Athenes the holiday in its{her} honour - bendidii annually managed{consulted}, in Piraeus there was a temple of the goddess.

BENEVENTO (Benevento), in the south Apenninskogo p-ova langobardsky dukat (duchy) in 2-nd floor. 6-8 centuries (the centre - Benevento); in 8 century - 1077 principate (principality), in 1051 Roman dads which have recognized a supreme authority; in 1077-1860 (with a rest in 1798-1815) papal possession. In 1860 terrain Benevento has departed to the Sardinian kingdom.

BENEDEN (van Beneden), Belgian zoologists, father and the son: 1) Pierre Zhozef van (1809-94), the member (1842) and the president with 1881) Belgian AN, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1869). Transactionses on an embryology of Invertebrata and parasitologies... 2) Edward van (1846-1910), foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1902). Transactionses on an embryology of Invertebrata and cytomorphologies.

BENEDETTI (Benedetti) Mario (r. 1920), the Uruguayan writer. In realistic stories, plays, stories " who from us " (1953), novels "Breather" (1960), " Thanks for ogonek " (1965), " Birthday Huana Anhelja " (1971) - acute social criticism of the modern moral. Verses, literaturovedcheskie compositions.

BENEDETTI MIKELANDZHELI (Benedetti Michelangeli) Arturo (r. 1920), the italian pianist. 1-n the premium at International competition of musicians - initiators in Geneva (1939). Taught in a number{series} of italian conservatories. Goes on tour (in the USSR in 1964).

BENEDIKT XIII (Benedictus) (in world Pjetro Franchesko Orsini, Pietro Francesco Orsini) (1649-1730), a dad Roman with 1724. The outlet box of dominican order, a cardinal bird (1672), archbishop Chezeny (1680) and Benevento (1686). In 1725 has called the Lateran cathedral, has confirmed the bull "Unigenitus", condemning jansenizm.

BENEDIKT XIV (Benedictus) (in world Prospero Lambertini, Prospero Lambertini) (1675-1758), a dad Roman with 1740. Diocesan of Ancona (1727), a cardinal bird (1728), archbishop of Bologna (1731). Enjoyed authority for roman catholic and Protestant governors of Europe. In bulls " Ex quo singulari " and " Omnium sollicitudinum " has denounced missionary practice of jesuits in India and China. The writer of probe about a history and the order beatifikatsii and canonizations in the Latin church.

BENEDIKT XV (Benedictus) (in the world marquis Dzhakomo della Kjeza, Giacomo della Chiesa) (1854-1922), a dad Roman with 1914. With 1878 on papal diplomatic service, archbishop of Bologna (1907), a cardinal bird (1914). Selected a dad after a month after the beginning of 1-st world war, has made some abortive attempts to reach{achieve} the world, protested against not humane methods of warfare.

BENEDIKT NURSIJSKY (Venedikt, Benedictus) (mind{wit}. 543), the founder of religious order of benedictines. For founded to them of a monastery in Monte-Kassino has written the Charter which has formulated philosophy of a cenobium and in many respects defining{determining} build life of western monasticism. Memory{remembrance} in the Latin church on July, 11 and on March, 21, in Orthodox - on March, 14 (27).

BENEDICTINES, members of roman catholic religious order, founded ok. 530 Benediktom Nursijskim in Italy. Were especially influential in 10-11 centuries.

BENEDIKTOV Vladimir Grigorjevich (1807-73), the Russian poet, corresponding member Petersburg AN (1855). Lyrical verses in romantic spirit. The collection of "Poem" (1835) had a tremendous success.

BENET (Benet) Huan (1927-93), the spanish writer. Extremely topical social - critical novels "Tomb" (1971), " the Saul before Samuel " (1980), " In twilight " (1989).

BENEFIT PERFORMANCE (frants. benefice - profit, favour), 1) (ustar). Performance, the tax from which acted{went} for the benefit of one or several actors, and also other workers of theatre... 2) Theatrical submission in honour of one of his{its} participants.

The BENEFICE (from an armour. beneficium - benefaction), in the season{term} of an early Middle Ages in Zap. To Europe land possession, which king (or any other large feudal lord) in life interest to the vassal on conditions of performance military or an executive department favoured. Gradually turned into feudal. In a latin church the benefice - the profitable position or the ground area received{obtained} as compensation by the churchman.

BENESH (Benes) Edward (1884-1948), the statesman of Czechoslovakia. In 1918-35 Minister for Foreign Affairs, in 1935-38 president, during 2-nd world war the president in emigration (with 1940), in 1946-48 president of Czechoslovakia.

BENESHEVICH Vladimir Nikolaevich (1874-1938), the historian, the lawyer, corresponding member AN the USSR (1925; corresponding member Russian AN with 1924). Transactionses under the byzantian right. It is repressed; it is rehabilitated posthumously.