BENKENDORF Alexander Hristoforovich (1781 or 1783-1844), columns (1832), the Russian statesman, the general from a cavalry (1832). The participant of depressing{supression} of revolt of decembrists. With 1826 chief of gendarmes and the main chief of the Third branch.

BENN (Benn) Gottfried (1886-1956), the german writer. Edged under the form ekspressionisticheskaja (the collection "Morgue", 1912), later the extremely nigilistic (the collection of "Distilling", 1953) lyrics; story "Ptolomeets" (1949).

BEN - NEVIS (Ben Nevis), the highest top of the Great Britain (1343 ì) in Grampians.

BENNETITOVYE, the order (or a class) extinct treelike gymnosperms. Meet in adjournments of the upper Carbon - the upper chalk, are especially numerous in triase, jure and lower to a chalk. Managing minerals.

BENNETT (Bennett) Arnold (1867-1931), the English writer. Bytopisatelskie novels from life of the English province " Anna from five cities " (1902), " the Story about aged women " (1908). The satirical novel "Lord Rejngo" (1926); short stories.

BENNY Arthur Ivanovich (1839-67), the Russian revolutionary, the journalist, the British citizen. With 1861 in Russia distributed issuings of the Free Russian seal{printing}. On " to process 32 " it is deported abroad. In Garibaldi order under Mentonoj it is lethally wounded.

BENNIGSEN Leonty Leontjevich (1745-1826), columns (1814), the Russian commander, the general from a cavalry (1802). The participant of assassination of emperor of Paul I. In 1807 commanding by army in war with France, has been battered under Fridlandom. In Domestic war in August - November of 1812 acting chiefs of a general staff of army, it is dismissed for intrigues against M.I.Kutuzov.

BENONI (Benoni), city in the republic of South Africa, suburb of Johannesburg. 95 thousand inhabitants (1985.) Center of production of gold. Iron and steel industry. The machine-building, metal-working enterprises.

BENT (Bent), group of the Netherlands and Flemish artists working in Rome in 17 century (also SHildersbent, Bentvegels - migrants). It is based in 1623 Babjurenom, Bohr, van Larom, etc. Entered{Included} in Bent received a characteristic nickname. Almost all team members represented bambochchatu.

BENTAL, the range of water reservoirs colonized with ground organisms, dwelling{living} on a ground or in his{its} strata (benthos).

BENTAM (Bentham) George (1800-84), English botanik, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1872). The writer (together with Dzh. Gukerom) the review{view} of all stems of seed plants.

BENTAM Jeremiah (1748-1832), the English philosopher, the sociologist, the lawyer. An ancestor of philosophy of a utilitarianism.

BENTON (Benton) Thomas Heart (1889-1975), the American painter. The representative regionalizma. Bridging symbolics and naturalism of the scene from life of " the mean West " (" July midday ", 1943).

BENTONITES, colloidal the clay, consisting basically from minerals of group montmorillonita. Will be derivated at change of volcanic tuffs and ashes in conditions of a seabed. Use for preparation of drilling fluid, as smectites, etc.

BENTHOS (from grech. benthos - depth), set{combination} of the organisms dwelling{living} on a ground and in a ground of a bottom of water reservoirs. The marine benthos ministers nutrition to many fishes and other water animal, and also is used by the person (napr., algae, oysters, crabs, some fishes).

To BEN, in egyptian mythology the god by the way herons, is known from geliopolskogo legends on creation of the world.

BENUA DE the SENT-PEST (Benoit de Sainte-Maure), the norman poet at a yard of the English king Genriha II, the writer of the poetic chronicle of Normandy and " Roman about Troy " (between 1180 and 1190), one of which sequences (about Troile and Kresside) has was a source of scenes for Dzh. Bokkachcho, Dzh. CHosera and U.Shakespeare.

BENUA Leonty Nikolaevich (1856-1928), the architect, the honored worker of arts of Russia (1927). Son N.L.Benua, brother A.N.Benua. Kept traditions of a classicism (a western body of Russian museum in Petrograd, 1914-16).

BENUA Nikolay Aleksandrovich (1901-88), the italian artist. The son and pupil A.N.Benua was born and has received education in Russia. From 1925 cable cores in Italy. Has issued opera performances of many theatres of the world (in 1936-71 was the director postanovochnoj parts of theatre of Ac the Rock), fruitfully prolonging traditions of " picturesque theatre " times of " the World of art ".