BOASTERS Nikolay Sergeevich (r. 1934), the Russian mathematician, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991). Transactionses on differential equations and calculus mathematics. The state premium of the USSR (1985).

BAH-LIJMAND (Bach-Liimand) Ajno (1901-80), the Estonian schedule, the national artist of Estonia (1961). Lyrical portraits, genre scenes, case histories (" the Latent child ", a gravure).

BAHLULZADE Sattar Bahlul ogly (1909-74), the Azerbaijan painter, the national artist of Azerbaijan (1964). The writer of lyrical landscapes - patterns (" Spring of mine Rhodinums ", 1967).

BAHMAN (Bachmann) Ingeborg (1926-73), the Austrian writer. The collection of verses (" Delayed time ", 1953), stories (" the Thirtieth year ", 1961), the novel of "Malines" (1971) differ philosophical saturation and the complicated form.

BAHMANIDSKY SULTANAT, the state in India, on a tableland Deccan, in 1347-1525, led by dynasty Bahmanidov. Capitals: ã. Gulbarga, since 1429. Bidar.

BAHMANJAR Abdul Gasan Marzuban ogly (?-1065), the Azerbaijan philosopher, pupil Ibn Siny, used aristotelizm and neoplatonizm for the substantiation Muslim dogmatists.

BAHMARO, gornoklimatichesky a health resort in Georgia, to a southwest from Kutaisi.

BAHMACH, city (with 1938) on Ukraine, the Chernigov region. A railway junction. 23,2 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factory of a chemical machine industry, molochnokonservnyj combine, etc.

BAHMETEV Vladimir Matveevich (1885-1963), the Russian writer. The participant of literary association "Forge" (with 1923). In prose reverts to a becoming of revolutionary consciousness for the Siberian peasants, to events of a civil war. The greatest popularity the novel has received " Crime Martyna " (1928). Books: " On ground " (1924), "Approach" (1938), etc.

BAHMETEV Porphyrias Ivanovich (1860-1913), Russian physics and the biologist. Probeed influence of overcooling on an organism animal. First experimentally has called an anabiosis for mammals (bats).

BAHMUT, the title Artemovsk on Ukraine (Donetsk region) up to 1924.

BAHMUTINSKAJA CROP (in archeology), the Iron Age (3-7 centuries) in a bass. rr. Kama, Ufa, White. It is called on d. Bahmutino in Bashkiria. Settlements and burials. An economy: agriculture, cattle breeding, a hunt, fishery.

BAHMUTSKY Alexey Ivanovich (1893-1939), the Russian inventor. Has created a first-ever industrial design of a coal combine (1932).

"BAHOR" him. M.Turgunbaevoj, band of national dance of Uzbekistan. The organizer and the artistic administrator (1957-78) M.Turgunbaeva, with 1979 artistic administrator K.Mirkarimova.

BAHOFEN (Bachofen) Iogann JAkob (1815-1887), the Swiss historian of the right. Has laid foundation to study of a history of family and a problem of matriarchy.

BAHRAH Lion Davydovich (r. 1921), Russian physics, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1966). Transactionses under the theory and technique of antennas, holographies. The lenin premium (1961), State premiums of the USSR (1951, 1976).

BAHRAIN, the State Bahrein (Daulat al-Bahrain), the state (emirat) in JUgo-Zap. Asia, on islands Bahreins, in Persian a hall. 0,69 thousand êì2. The population of 486 thousand person (1993), primarily bahrejntsy (arabs of Bahrein). A urban population of 83 % (1990). The official language - Arabian. State religion - moslem faith. Capital - Manama. Bahrein - the constitutional monarchy. The chief of state - emir. A climate close to tropical. Mean temperatures of January 16 °S, July 37 °S. A rainfall ok. 90 mm annually. Deserts prevail. A wildlife reserve the Ale - Arejn. In nach. n. e. Bahrein - the small principality. In 4-6 centuries in structure of the state Sasanidov, in 7-9 centuries - Arabian halifata; in 10-11 centuries. Bahrein - the centre of the state karmatov. In nach. 16 century it is seized by Portugueses, in 1-st chetv. 17 century was part of Iran. In 1871-1971 British protectorate. About 1971 independent state. The basis of economy - oil extracting and oil processing. Lobe in a gross internal product (1991, %): an industry 35,1 (including mining 18,6), an agriculture 1,2. Smelting of aluminium. Large petroleum refinery; petrochemical, repair, cement and other enterprises. Oazisnoe agriculture and cattle breeding. Fishery and production of pearl. Length of motorways of 2,6 thousand in km (1991). Main seaports: Manama, Sitra. Export: petroleum, aluminium and plastics materials, and also dates, shrimps, pearl. The main foreign trade partners: the USA, Japan, the Unionized Arab Emirates, India, Canada, Singapore. Monetary unit - a dinar Bahrain.

FRINGE (the turki., from the arab. mahrama - a scarf), a plain braid with filaments hanging on the one hand; a dressing to zanavesjam, furnitures, to lamp shades. A fringe for furnish of scarfs, scarfs, etc. receive a plucking (filler breaking) of filaments on edges of an item.

BAHRUSHIN Alexey Aleksandrovich (1865-1929), the Russian theatrical figure, the collector. On the basis of the collections has created a private literary - theatrical museum (1894), about 1918 Theatrical museum of name Bahrushina in Moscow.

BAHRUSHIN Sergey Vladimirovich (1882-1950), the Russian historian, corresponding member AN the USSR (1939). Pupil V.O.Kljuchevskogo. Transactionses on a history of Russia, Russian colonization of Siberia, a source study, historiography, historical geography. The state premium of the USSR (1942).