BOLDYREV Vasily Nikolaevich (1873-1946), the Russian physiologist, the professor (1912). With 1918 in emigration in Japan, with 1922 in the USA. Transactionses on physiology of digestion and the maximum nervous activity. Has described an automatism of activity of a digestive tract (on an example of a dog). Has placed the fact and conditions zabrasyvanija in a stomach of contents of a duodenum.

BOLDYREV Vladimir Vjacheslavovich (r. 1927), the chemist, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991). Transactionses on study of influence of physico-chemical factors on chemical changes in a solid phase.

BOLEJN (Boleyn) Anna (ok. 1507-36), the second wife of the English king Genriha VIII. Divorce Genriha with Ekaterina Aragonskoj and a marriage on Bolejn (1533), not adjudicated by a papal yard, have served as a halter for a breakage with a dad and realization Reformatsii in England. It is executed under the charge in matrimonial incorrectness.

BOLERO (isp. bolero), spanish twin dance. The musical dimension 3/4. Rate moderate. It is accompanied by the gear quadrant, a drum and castanets, singing dancing. The genre of a bolero has found reflectance in creativity of many composers (M.Ravel, etc.).

BOLESLAV I (Boleslaw) Valiant (967-1025), prince Polish with 992, king with 1025. From dynasty Pjastov. Has aggregated Polish grounds, has founded in Gniezno an archepiscopacy, in 1018 has temporarily trapped chervenskie cities.

BOLESLAV III Krivoustyj (1085-1138), prince Polish with 1102. From dynasty Pjastov. Has reunited with Poland Vost. (1116) and Zap. (1123) Pomorze, etc. In 1138 has divided country into destinies between synovjami.

BOLESLAVETS (Boleslawiec), city on a southwest of Poland. 44 thousand inhabitants (1990). Chemical, glass, a food-processing industry. A museum and a monument to M.I.Kutuzov died in Boleslavtse.

BOLEHOV, city (with 1940) on Ukraine, Ivano-Frankovsk region. A depot. 11,1 thousand inhabitants (1991). Lesokombinat, a tannery, etc. The Study of local lore museum. It is known from 14 century.

PAINS (Bolig) (Baulig) Anri (1877-1962), the French geographer. Transactionses on physical geography, geomorphology, regional geography.

BOLIBRUH Andrey Andreevich (r. 1950), mathematician, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1994). Transactionses on differential equations.

BOLIVAR (Bolivar), group of oil deposits in Venezuela (an oil-and-gas-bearing bass. Maracaibo). Actuates deposits Laguniljas, Tia-Huana, Bochakero, etc. Are open in 1917. Deposits on depth of 160-4500 m. Total beginning inventories 4,3 billion t. Firmness of petroleum of 0,82-1,0 g / sm3.

BOLIVAR, staff in a southeast of Venezuela. 238 thousand êì2. The population of 969 thousand person (1990). Adm. ts. - Ciudad Bolivar.

BOLIVAR (Bolivar) Simon (1783-1830), the chief of extirpation for independence of spanish colonys in JUzh. To America. Has released of spanish domination Venezuela, It is new. Granada (sovr. Columbia and Panama), prov. Quito (sovr. Ecuador), in 1819-30 president of Great Columbia built in terrain of these countries. In 1824 has released Peru and the BOLIVAR, the Bolivar - i-Palasjos (Bolivar y Palacios) Simon (a full name Simon Hose Antonio) (on July, 24 1783, Caracas - on December, 17 1830, Santa Marta, Columbia), one of chiefs of War for independence of spanish colonys in America, military and the statesman of South America, where is known as the Deliverer (with 1813 it has leaded derivated on terrain of the Upper Peru of the Republic Bolivia (1825) called on his name. A national congress of Venezuela it is professed (1813) Deliverer.). Early godyRodilsja in notable creole family of a basque origin. Has early deprived parents. On education and formation of world outlook of the Bolivar major influence was rendered by his teacher and the higher friend, outstanding educator S.Rodriges. A youth has conducted in Europe (1799-1806, Spain, France, Italy) where early married, but soon ovdovel. On August, 15 1805 on hill Monte-Sakro in Rome, at the presence of Rodriguez, has sworn to struggle for discharging of South America of a colonial yoke. Venezuelan respublikaPrinjal active sharing in overthrow of spanish domination in Venezuela (April 1810) and professing by its independent republic (1811). After rout last a spanish troops, in 1812 it was justified in New Granada (nowadays Columbia), and in the beginning 1813 has returned home. In August 1813 his troops have taken Caracas; the Venezuelan republic has been built 2-n led by the Bolivar. However, not having decided to conduct reforms in interests of national bottoms, he has failed to get their support and in 1814 has sufferred a defeat. Enforced to search for a shelter on Jamaica, in September 1815 has published there the post card where expressed confidence in fast discharging spanish America. Education of Columbia Having realized at last necessity of discharging of slaves and solutions of other social problems, the Bolivar has convinced the president of Haiti A.Petiona to render rebels the military help and in December 1816 has landed on a shore of Venezuela. Cancellation of servitude (1816) and issued in 1817 decree about vesting soldiers of a liberation army by ground have allowed him to expand a social base. After successful actions in Venezuela his troops in 1819 have released New Granada. In December 1819 he has been selected the president professed by the National congress in Angosture (nowadays Ciudad Bolivar) republics of Columbia where Venezuela and New Granada have come. In 1822 kolumbijtsy have expelled spanish forces from a province of Quito (nowadays Ecuador) which has joined Columbia. Discharging of South America In July 1822 Bolivar has met in Guayaquil with X. de the Dignity - Martinom, which army has already released a part of Peru, but has failed to agree from nymas upon combined actions. After demission the Dignity - Martina (on September, 20 1822) he in 1823 has directed the Colombian parts to Peru, and in 1824 (on August, 6 at Junin and on December, 9 on plain Ajakucho) the last spanish forces on the American continent have been routed. The bolivar, in February of 1824 Perus becoming by the dictator, has headed and built in 1825 in terrain of the Upper Peru the republic Bolivia called so in his honour. Disintegration Colombian federatsiiStremjas to association of the ispano-American states, the Bolivar has called a congress of their representatives (1826) in Panama, but has not achieved success. After the terminal of liberation war in his balance weight tsentralistskoj to policy in locale centrifugal tendencies have amplified. As a result of separative performances the Bolivar has deprived an authority in Peru and Bolivia (1827-30). In the beginning 1830 he has retired and has soon died. Bolivariana In Latin America a name of the Bolivar very popularly. It is perpetuated in titles of the state, provinces, cities, streets, monetary units, with the help of numerous monuments. Biographic sketches, pieces of art, historical transactionses are dedicated him. With 1822 valid girlfriend and sputnitsej life of the Bolivar, despite of all falsities of his destiny, the native of Quito kreolka Manuela Saens was unseparable. Ñî÷èíåíèÿ:Èçáðàííûå products. Ì., 1983. Ñartas del Libertador. Caracas, 1929-1959. V. 1-12. Obras completas. La Habana, 1950. V. 1-3. Decretos del Libertador. Caracas, 1961. V. 1-3. Escritos del Libertador. Caracas, 1964-1983. T. 1-16. Literatura:Lavretskij I. R. A bolivar. 3 izd. Ì., 1981. Simon the Bolivar: a history and a modernity. Ì., 1985. Masur G. Simon Bolivar. Albuquerque, 1948. Madariaqa S. de. Bolivar. Mexico; Buenos Aires, 1953. V. 1-2. Mijares A. El Libertador. Caracas, 1969. Bolivar y Europa en las cronicas, el pensamiento politico y la historioqrafia. Caracas, 1986-1995. V. 1-3. M.S.Alperovich

The BOLIVIAN MOUNTAINS, major, eastern part TSentralnoandijskogo of a mountains within the limits of Bolivia.

BOLIVIJTSY, people, the main population of Bolivia (2,53 million person). Live also in Argentina (150 thousand person), Brazil, the USA, Peru and Chile. An aggregate number 3,2 million person (1992). Basically ispano-American Indian mongrels. Speak in Spanish and guarani. On religion roman catholics.