BREEZES (frants. brise), winds with daily periodicity on coasts of seas and large lakes. The sea breeze blows from a water reservoir on a heated shore, night - from a cooled shore on a water reservoir. Breezes are routinely distributed to some tens kilometres on both parties from a sealine and on an altitude of several hundreds meters; most often are supervised in tropics.

BRIQUETTE (frants. briquette), pressed by the way a brick, a bar, etc. coal, ore, sawdust or other small-sized material with the purpose of reduction of loss at his further use. For consolidation of briquettes use connecting additives (artificial asphalt, bitumen, water glass, cement, etc.). It is offered in Russia A.P.Veshnjakovym (30th of 19 century).

BRIKNER (Brjukner) (Bruchner) Edward (1862-1927), the german geographer and klimatolog. Transactionses on alternations of a climate (t. n. Briknerov a cycle, length ok. 35 flying), evstaticheskim to sea level fluctuations, a glaciation of the Alpes. The co-author (from A.Penkom) concepts of an ancient glaciation of the Alpes.

BRILING Nikolay Romanovich (1876-1961), the Russian scientist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1953). The main transactionses on automotive industry, internal-combustion engines, thermotechnics.

BRILLIANT (from frants. brillant, characters. - shining), flawless jeweller diamond, special which synthetic faceting as much as possible reveals his luster. Due to a high dyspersion in an indirect light the brilliant "plays" all colours of a rainbow. The mass of a brilliant is measured in karats (0,2 ã).

The BRILLIANT, - the typographical font, a point which (dimension) is peer polygraphy to 3 points (ok. 1,13 mm); most small-sized of fonts. Has almost quitted from the use.

BRILLIANT - LERMAN of Barbarian Aleksandrovna (1888-1954), the Russian physiologist of plants. Has discovered (1925) phenomena of stimulation of a photosynthesis at a small dehydration of plants (" a phenomenon the Brilliant ").

TETRAETHYL-DIAMINO-TRIPHENYL-CARBOHYDRIDE SULPHATE, the main trifenilmetanovyj dye, an antiseptic agent; apply by the way water or alcoholic solutions to lubrication of a leather at its diseases and damages.

BRILLJUEN (Brillouin) Leon (1889-1969), French physics, with 1941 in the USA. Transactionses on solid-state theory (has entered t. n. Brillouin zones), to a quantum mechanics, magnetism, radio physics, an information theory, philosophy of natural sciences.

BRILLJUENA ZONES, the polyhedrons constructed on fixed regulations in reciprocal lattice of a crystal. First Brilljuena the zone contains all physically nonequivalent least allowed quasimomentums defining a condition of electrons. Form Brilljuena of a zone is determined by a symmetry of a crystal. Concept Brilljuena a zone is used in theory a solid. It is offered to L.Brilljuenom in 1930.

BRINDISI (Brindisi), city and a port in JUzh. Italy, in range Apulia, in prol. Otranto, an administrative centre prov. Brindisi. 93 thousand inhabitants (1989). Oil processing and petrochemistry, pipe-rolling, air factories. A train ferry of Brindisi - Patras (Greece). In an antiquity the best Roman haven (under title Brundizy) on coast of the Adriatic m.

BRINELL (Brinell) JUhan August (1849-1925), the Swedish engineer. Transactionses on metallurgy of steel and hardness test of metals and alloys. Has offered (1900) method of hardness test of the metals, called as his name.

BRINELLJA the METHOD, hardness test of metals by indentation in a test-piece of a steel well-tried bead. Brinell hardness is underlined in terms of NV (Hardness Brinell). It is called named Swedish engineer J.A.Brinellja.

BRINES (Brines) Fransisko (r. 1932), the spanish poet. Collections of lyrics " the Heated carbons " (1952), " Experience of parting " (1974, the amplate and supplemented issuing - 1984), " Autumn in pink to a garden " (1986, the National premium under the literature).

BRYOLOGY (from grech. bryon - a moss and... logija), the section of botany investigator mosses.

BRYONY, the same, that a bryony.

BRIOFITY, the same, that mosses.