BRUKNER Ferdinand (an ice-film. A name and fam. Teodor Tagger, Tagger) (1891-1958), the Austrian writer. An acute psychologic conflictness in anti-fascist dramas " Elizabeth English " (1930), " the Heroic comedy " (production in 1942), " Simon the Bolivar " (1945).

The BROOKS (Brooks) Van Vick (1886-1963), the American literary critic. It is close to cultural - historical school. Books " Lawful age of America " (1915), " M.Twain Torture " (1920), and also about G.James, G.Melville, R.U.Emerson. A cycle of activities about a becoming of the American literary tradition and its value for a modernity.

The BROOKS (Brooks) Gvendolin (r. 1917), the afro-American poetess. Collections of verses " Street in Brounzville " (1945), " Mouths to feed of a bean " (1960), the anthology " World Gvendolin the Brooks " (1971). The autobiographical book " Statements from a part first " (1972).

The BROOKS (Brooks; an ice-film. Name Melvin Kaminski, Kaminsky) the Chalk (r. 1926), the American continuity writer, the producer, the actor, the producer. Has become it is known as the writer of parodies to popular Hollywood genres - a western (" Blazing saddle ", 1973), films of horrors (" Pullet Frankenshtejn ", 1974, " Pavor of an altitude ", 1977), etc.

The BROOKS the BACKBONE (Brooks Range), in the Sowing. To America, in a north of Alaska. Length ok. 1000 kms. An altitude up to 2761 m. Mountain tundra.

BRUKHEJVENSKAJA the NATIONAL LABORATORY (Brookhaven National Laboratory) the Energy Research and Development Administration the USA, is based in 1947 (about. Lond Island, pieces. New York). Probes on a nuclear energy, radiation medicine, etc.

BRUKHEJZEN (Broekhuizen) Joan van (1649-1707), the Netherlands soldier and the poet. Commentator Propertsija and Tibulla. Books "Verses" (1677, in the Netherlands tongue), "Poems" (1684, in latin tongue).

BRUM (Brum) Baltasar (1883-1933), the president of Uruguay in 1919-23, with 1913 on different portfolios. The adherent of reforms Batlje-i-Ordonjesa. Has committed suicide in a mark of the protest against establishment in country in 1933 dictatorships.

BRUMBERG Eugeny Mihajlovich (1907-77), the Russian engineer, the expert in range of optical instrumentation technologies. Has created a number of original optical devices: ultrahemiskop (the device for a development hromogramm in ultraviolet rays), a ultrofioletovyj-microscope. Has developed the method of a contact luminescent microscopy used at study of a microstructure of microscopic sections of organs and tissues of the person and animal. The state premium of the USSR (1942).

BRUNGILDA (Brunhilde) (ok. 534-613), frankskaja queen, with 575 actually steered Avstraziej. Combated king Nejstrii Hilperikom I and his wife Fredegondoj and with avstrazijskoj znatju. Has sufferred a defeat. It is executed.

BRUNGILDA (Brjunhilda), in the Scandinavian mythology one of valkiry; in german " Songs about Nibelungah " the queen of Iceland becoming suprugoj Guntera, king burgundov; vinovnitsa morses Zigfrida.

BRUNEI, Brunei Darussalam (Brunei Darussalam), the state in JUgo-Vost. Asia, on northwest coast about. Kalimantan. 5,8 thousand êì2. The population of 275 thousand person (1993); primarily malayans, and also Chinese, dajaki, etc. The Urban population of 90 % (1993). Official languages - malayan and English. The majority of believers - moslems - sunnity. Capital - Bandar Seri Begawan. Enters into Commonwealth. Brunei - the constitutional monarchy (sultanat). The chief of state - the anthurus. A large part of a surface - plain. A climate equatorial. An air temperature all the year ok. 26 °S. A rainfall 2000 - 4000 mm annually. St. 75 % of terrain take the wet tropical forests. In 1888-1983 British protectorate. On January, 1 1984 independence of Brunei is professed. The basis of economy - a crude production, manufacture of liquified gas. A lobe in a gross internal product (1990, %) an industry 41,6, an agriculture 2,1. Cultivate rice, a sago palm; Plantations of rubber plants. Animal husbandry. Timber loggings. Oil processing. A principal view of the transport - river navigation. An expansion (1990) railways of 19 kms, motorways of 2,2 thousand in km. Export: the petroleum, the liquefied natural gas, petroleum, rubber, saw-timber. The main foreign trade partners: Japan, JUzh. Korea, Singapore. Monetary unit - dollar of Brunei.

BRUNELLESKI (Brunelleschi) Filippo (1377-1446), the italian architect, the sculptor, the scientist. Worked in Florence. One of creators of the architecture of Revitalization and the theory of a linear perspective. Innovatively used antique traditions. Products Brunelleski differ harmonic clearness, strictness of proportions, perfection of construction solutions (a dome of a cathedral Santa-mary del Fjore, 1420-36; Ospedale delji Innochenti, 1421-44; chapel Patstsi, 1429, - all in Florence).

BRUNER (Bruner) Dzherom Sejmur (r. 1915), the American psychologist. One of the first beginnings of probe of requirements and values as organizing factors of perception. Transactionses on problems of education.

BRUNI Lion Aleksandrovich (1894-1948), the Russian artist, in the 1910-beginning of 1920th bordered on to futurism and constructivism, creating counterreliefs and pointless compositions. The virtuoso of drawing, a light colour stain, has transfered to more traditional painting and the schedule (including to landscapes of desert Optinoj) in spirit of " quiet art " later. Was also the master of monumental painting (in 1935-48 headed the conforming studio at Academy of the architecture), developing here again principles alien to semi-official organ free, rhythmically - refined creativity.

BRUNI (Bruni) Leonardo (a nickname - Aretino) (1370 or 1374-1444), the italian humanist. Settled idea of full growth of the personality, condemned asceticism. The convinced republican, the opponent of tyranny. The writer of products " the History of Florence " (t. 1-12, 1439), " Life Dante ", " Petrarca Life ".

BRUNI Feodor Antonovich (1799-1875), the Russian historical painter. Combined elements of a classicism and romanticism (" the Copper snake ", 1827-41). With kon. 1840th the chapter of Russian academism (paintings Isaakievskogo of a cathedral in Saint Petersburg, 1841-45).

BRUNNER (Brunner) Genrih (1840-1915), the german historian, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1908). Transactionses on a history of the state and the right of an early West-European Middle Ages. The adherent of the communal theory.

BRUNNER Emil (1889-1966), the Swiss Protestant theologian, the representative of dialectic theology.