CAMBRICS - I-SALDIVAR (Batista y Zaldivar) Ruben Fulhensio (1901-73), the dictator of Cuba in 1934-44 and 1952-58; in 1940-44 and 1954-58 the post{station} of the president officially held. Will overthrow during Cuban revolution.

The BATHYSPHERE (from grech. bathys - steep and sphaira - a sphere), a deep-diving vehicle in the form of a sphere (it is routine from steel) for oceanographic and other probes; alights on a cable from a vessel. Crew (1-2 persons), research instrumentation, an air revitalization system, the earphone. The maximum depth reached with the help of the bathysphere, 1360 m (1948). Since 1950th instead of the bathysphere routinely apply hydrostats.

The BATHYTHERMOGRAPH (from grech. bathys - steep, therme - it is warm and... Columns), the device for continuous measurement of vertical distribution of temperature of water in high layer starving (up to 200 ì); allows a message of measurement on the move a vessel.

BATITSKY Paul Fedorovich (1910-84), Marshal of Soviet Union (1968), the Hero of Soviet Union (1965). In Great Domestic war the division commander and bodies. In 1965-66 1-st deputy chief of the General Staff. In 1966-78 commander-in-chief Signals Commands of air defence of country - the deputy minister of the defence of the USSR.

BATLEJKA (betlejka), a national puppet theater in Belarus (16 - nach. 20 centuries). It is close to the Ukrainian cavern, Russian theatre of the Parsley.

BUTLER (Butler) Nicolas Mjurrej (1862-1947), the American teacher, the professor (with 1885) philosophy and psychology of the Colombian university (in 1901-45 president of university). One of organizers of pacifist movement. The president of Fund of an international peace him{it}. Carnegie (with 1925). The Nobel Prize of the world (1931, together with Dzh. Addams).

BUTLER (Butler) Semjuel (1612-80), the English writer. Iroikomicheskaja poem "Gudibras" (1663-78, it is unfinished) - satyr on hypocrisy of bourgeoises - puritans of the season{term} of the English revolution of 17 century.

BUTLER Semjuel (1835-1902), the English writer. Antibourgeois satirical dilogija "Edgin" (an anagram of the word "anywhere", 1872) and " Recurring in Edgin " (1901); the realistic novel "Life" (it is published in 1903). Prosaic transfer{translation} of poems Gomera.

BATLE-I-ORDONES (Batlle y Ordonez) Hose (1856-1929), the president of Uruguay in 1903-07 and 1911-15. Since 1880th the leader of a reformist consignment "Colorado" (with nach. 20 century. Batljistskaja a consignment). Has executed{has come true} a number{series} of social reforms in protection of a national industry, has entered laws on a 8-hour working day, on pensions.

BATTEMENT (Batman), city on the orient Turkey. 147 thousand inhabitants (1990). Petroleum refinery.

BATNA, city on north-east of Algeria, adm. ts. vilaji Batna. 182 thousand inhabitants (1987). A cotton-mill, tanning manufacture. It is based as a military post{station} in 1844. In environs Batna - debris drevnerimskogo. Timgad.

BATOV Ivan Andreevich (1767-1841), the Russian master of musical instruments (a violin, altos, violoncelloes, gears quadrants). Up to 1822 serfs.

BATOV Pavel Ivanovich (1897-1985), the commander, the general (1955), doubly the Hero of Soviet Union (1943, 1945). In Great Domestic war since October 1942 up to the extremity of war by commanding 65-th army. In 1962-65 chief of headquarters of Consolidated Armed forces of the state-participants of the Warsaw agreement. In 1970-81 chairman of the Soviet committee of war veterans.

BATOGI, a stick, used for corporal punishments in Russia till 18 century.

BATOZHSKAJA BATTLE, 22-23.5.1652 (natural limit Batog, nowadays Vinnitsa region). Rout of 20-thousand Polish a troops the Ukrainian army, one of decisive battles of Liberation war 1648-54.

BATHYLITE (from grech. bathos - depth and lithos - a stone), a large mass (over 200 êì2) granitoidnyh the rocks, occurring{lieing} among sedimental stratas of wrinkled ranges of earth crust.

BATHOMETER (from grech. bathos - depth and... Meter), a sampler of water with different depths of a water reservoir.

LONG LOAF - RUZH (Baton Rouge), city in the south the USA, adm. ts. Pieces. Louisiana, seaport on r. Mississipi. 220 thousand inhabitants (1990). A petroleum industry, petrochemistry, nonferrous machine industry. Universities.

BATORY (Batory) the Stefan (1533-86), king Polish with 1576, the commander. Participant Livonskoj of war 1558-83. Has based (1579) Academy in Vilno (later - the Vilnius university).

HIRED LABOURERS, hired farm workers, routinely impoverished peasants.