GRAPE MEALY BUG, hexapod of a set of farinose scale insects, the pest of a grape in the Sowing. And JUzh. To America, Africa, Eurasia. Pinkish, length of 3-4 mm. Eats (larvas and samki) a sap.

GRAPE SUGAR, the same, that a glucose.

GRAPES (up to 1946 Sevljush), city on Ukraine, Zakarpatye region. A railway junction (Vinogradovo-Zakarpatye). 26,3 thousand inhabitants (1991). The enterprises of an alimentary, mild, radio electronic industry. It is known from 9 century.

GRAPES Alexander Pavlovich (1895-1975), the Russian geochemist, academician AN the USSR (1953), doubly the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1949, 1975). Transactionses on problems geo-, biogeo-and space chemistry; developed problems of formation of earth environments (a zonal melting), chemical evolution of the Earth, a geochemistry of isotopes, etc. The Premium him. V.I.Lenina (1934), the Lenin premium (1962), the State premium of the USSR (1949, 1951 - doubly), the Golden medal him. Lomonosov AN the USSR (1973).

GRAPES Anatoly Kornelievich (1888-1946), the Russian writer. Artistic - biographic and documentary books: " Three colours of time " (1931), " Paganini Condemnation " (1936), " Stendal and his time " (1938).

GRAPES Victor Vladimirovich (1894/95-1969), Russian jazykoved, the literary critic, academician AN the USSR (1946). Probeed Russian (grammar, lexicon, etc.), a history of Russian literary language, tongue and style of Russian writers of 19-20 centuries (A.S.Pushkin, M.J.Lermontov, N.V.Gogolja, F.M.Dostoevskogo, etc.), problems of poetics, stylistics. The state premium of the USSR (1951).

GRAPES Vladimir Alekseevich (r. 1921), the Russian economist, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1984). The main transactionses on an economic history of Russia and other countries. The state premium of the USSR (1982).

GRAPES George Pavlovich (1908-80), the Russian singer (the lyrical tenor), the honored artist of Russia (1949). Has become famous for performance on a concert platform of vocal cycles of L.Beethoven, R.Schuman, popular lyrical songs of domestic composers - N.V.Bogoslovskogo (" Dark night "), M.I.Blantera (" In a wood front "), V.P.Solovjeva-Sedogo (" On solar poljanochke "), a tango, Russian romances.

GRAPES Dmitry Ivanovich (1720?-58), the creator of Russian porcelain. Has developed the "know-how" and has received the first samples of porcelain from domestic raw material.

GRAPES Ivan Matveevich (1891-1983), the Russian mathematician, academician AN the USSR (1929), doubly the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1945, 1971). The director of Mathematical institute AN of the USSR him. V.A.Steklov (with 1932). Having created a classical method of the trigonometric sums, has received fundamental outcomes and has decided a number of the major problems in an analytical number theory. The lenin premium (1972), the State premium of the USSR (1941, 1983), the Golden medal him. Lomonosov AN the USSR (1971).

GRAPES Igor Ivanovich (r. 1930), the Russian critic, the literary critic. In a centre of attention - spiritual finding actions of the Russian literature of 19 and 20 centuries (M.J.Lermontov, F.M.Dostoevsky, L.N.Tolstoj, M.A.Bulgakov). Articles and reviews about the Russian literature 60-80-Õ of 20 century. With 1992 managing editor of the log-book "Continent".

GRAPES Michael Evgenjevich (r. 1928), the Russian oceanologist, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1990). The main activities on ecology of thalassiums, distribution of a plankton, simulation of productional processes in pelagiali. The state premium of the USSR (1977).

GRAPES Oleg Mihajlovich (r. 1937), the Russian ballet master, the artist, the national actor of the USSR (1983). In 1973-77 main ballet master of the Leningrad Small opera theatre. In 1967-72 ballet master, with 1977 main ballet master of Mariinsky theatre. Productions: " Romeo and Dzhuljetta " S.S.Prokofjeva, " Liza and Elbows, or Vain precaution " P.L.Gertelja, "Koppelija" L.Deliba, "JAroslavna" B.I.Tishchenko, "Auditor" A.V.Chajkovskogo, etc.

GRAPES Paul Gavrilovich (1854-1925), the Russian historian, academician AN the USSR (1925; the academician Petersburg AN with 1914, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science with 1917). In 1902-08 and with 1911 in the Great Britain. The main transactionses on an agrarian history of medieval England (has given the classical characteristics English the ancestral lands - manor), historiography.

GRAPES Sergey Arsenjevich (1869-1938), the Russian painter, the member of Soyuz of Russian artists. Peredvizhnik. The writer of plein-air lyrical landscapes and interiors (" In farm in the autumn ", 1907), patterns from country life. After 1924 cable cores abroad.

VINOGRADOVNIK (ampelopsis), a stem of woody lianes of a set vinogradovyh. Ok. 20 kinds, in the Sowing. To America, Asia, including 4 views on the Far East, in Tadjikistan. Sometimes vinogradovnik call as a Virginia creeper. Some kinds use as the decorative. Far East vinogradovnik Japanese it is guarded.

VINOGRADSKY Sergey Nikolaevich (1856-1953), the Russian microbiologist, one of founders of a domestic microbiology, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1917; corresponding member Petersburg AN with 1894), the honorary member of the Russian Academy of Science (1923). With 1922 chief Agrobakteriologicheskogo of branch Pasterovskogo of institute in Paris. Has discovered (1887) hemoavtotrofnye microorganisms and the phenomena of a chemosynthesis. For the first time (1893) has secured from soil nitrogen-fixing bacteriums.

WINE-MAKING, production process of manufacturing of wine from a grape, and also from other fruits and berries. Actuates operations: cleavage of raw material and destalking (fruit stems), obtaining of a must, a spirit fermentation of a must or a pulp, an alcoholizing (at manufacturing strong wines), aggregate exposure of wines and their special machining (a replenishment, a filtration, pasteurization, etc.).

VINODOLSKY the LAW, the collection of rules of law constituted in 1288 in Vinodole (Vinodol, region in Croatia), one of the most ancient monuments of the right of austral slavs.