LATIN, see. The latin letter.

The LATIN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION of INTEGRATION (LAI), trade and economic grouping of 11 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Columbia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Chile and Ecuador). The agreement for building is signed in 1980, has come into force in 1981. Has substituted existing with 1960 Latin American association of a free market (FIN). Problem LAI - to promote development of regional economic complementation and trade; a main purpose - building of the Latin American general market. Headquarter to Montevideo, Uruguay.

LATIN AMERICAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM (LAES), regional economic organization which includes 26 Latin American countries. The agreement for building is signed in 1975. Problems LAES - a coordination of plans for development, assistance to integration processes and implementation of economic designs and probes, consultation and information exchange between participants. Headquarter in Caracas (Venezuela).

LATIN AMERICAN PROFTSENTR WORKERS (LAPT), association of trade unions and organizations of Latin America. It is based in 1954, up to 1971 called the Latin American confederated states of Christian trade unions. LAPT enters in VKT. Office LAPT in Caracas (Venezuela).

LATIN AMERICA, non-proprietary name of the countries located in an austral part the Sowing. America, to the south from r. Rio-Bravo-del-Norte (including Center. America and West Indies), and in JUzh. To America. A gross area 20,5 million êì2. The population 464 million person (1993). In terrain of Latin America the states Antigua and Barbudas, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Haiti, Guyana, Guatemala, Honduras, Grenada, Dominica, Dominican republic, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, El Salvador, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sent-Keats and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Chile, Ecuador, Jamaica, and also island possessions of the Great Britain, France, Netherlands and the USA are located. In Latin America european and African migrants, mongrels, mulattoes, Indians live, etc. Official languages: In 18 states - spanish, in Brazil - Portuguese, in Haiti - French, in Surinam - Netherlands, in remaining - English. The title Latin America has taken place from a latin fundamentals of Romanesque tongues on which the large part of the population of this part of continent speaks.

LATIN EMPIRE, the state, founded in 1204 participants of 4-th crusade in the byzantian terrain conquered by them. Capital - Constantinople. Besides direct possessions of emperor in Latin empire entered Fessalonikijskoe a kingdom, Ahejskoe the principality, the Athenian duchy, etc. In 1261 nicaean emperor has taken Constantinople. Latin empire of a forest fire.

LATIN WARS, wars of cities of the Latin union against hegemony in a nem of Rome. 1-n latin war (496-493 up to n. e.) it was finished by restoration of the union led by Rome. 2-n (340-338 up to n. e.) latin war has reduced in abolition of the union and inclusion latinov in structure of the Roman state.

The LATIN SQUARE, square arrangement n2 figures, each line and which each column contain figures 1, 2..., n. Latin squares are applied in a theory of combinations.

The LATIN UNION, federation of 30 cities Latsija (the modern Latium, Italy), arisen in nach. 1-st thousand up to n. e. Led by Alba Longa, since 6 century up to n. e. - with Rome. It is abolished as a result of 2-nd Latin war 340-338 up to n. e.

LATIN TONGUE, tongue italijskoj groups indoevropejskoj families of tongues. It was advanced on the basis of tongue latinov. With elevation of Rome it was distributed to all Italy, then on a considerable proportion of Roman empire. A becoming of a literary language - 3-2 centuries up to n. e. National - speech latin tongue has ceased to exist in 9 century, to this time for his basis formation of Romanesque tongues has concluded. In Middle Ages existed in the capacity of a general written language of a Western-European society, a latin church, science and in part literatures. Latin tongue has played a major role histories of crop (especially Western-European). In 20 century it is used in a scientific nomenclature. Tongue of a latin church and the official language (alongside with italian) Vatican.

The LATIN LETTER, the alphabetic letter which ancient Romans used. It was saved for the majority of peoples Zap. Europe, has underlain writings of many tongues of the world. Goes back to the Grecian letter. Naturally latin alphabet (Latin) has developed in 4-3 centuries up to n. e., a direction of the letter from left to right from 2 century up to n. e.

LATIN AMERICA the INSTITUTE of the Russian Academy of Science, is based in Moscow in 1961. Studies economic, social-political and international problems of the Latin American countries, philosophy and crop of peoples of Latin America.

LATINAS, italijskie nations, zaseljavshie Latsy (the modern. Latium). In nach. 1-st thousand up to n. e. Were aggregated in the Latin union. According to tradition, latinas and sabines have based Rome (754/753 up to n. e.).

The LATHYRISM, stipulated by the long-lived use in I peep seeds of a peavine a chronic intoxication with a defeat of a spinal cord.

LATIFUNDIZM, system of a landholding which basis compound large pomeshchichji land possessions - a latifundium (an armour. latifundium, from latus - extensive and fundus - a manor). Has arisen in Other. Rome in 2 century up to n. e. Residues latifundizma are saved in a number of countries of Latin America (Brazil, Ecuador), Africa (republic Juzhnoafrikanskaja) and some other.

LATR DE TASSINI (Lattre de Tassigny) Jean Mari de (1889-1952), marshal of France (1952, posthumously). In 2-¯ world war the chief of an army headquarters, with 1943 commander-in-chief a troops of " the Combating France ", with 1944 commanded 1-st French army. In 1950-52 commander-in-chief the French troops in Indochina.

LETTUCE, stem of grasses, less often than subshrubs of a set of a thistle family. St. 100 kinds, in Eurasia and Africa. Some - weeds. A lettuce sowing (salad) - a vegetable plant. Lettuce Tahtadzhjana, endemic Armenia, is guarded.

BRASS PLATING, deposition (routinely electrolytic way) flake of brass on a surface metal (primarily steel) items for a corrosion prevention, building t. n. A sublayer at nickel plating or tinning, increases of antifrictional properties.

BRASS (from a nem. Latun), alloy Cu (basis) with Zn (up to 50 %), often with additives Al, Sn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Si, Pb and other elements (in the sum up to 10 %). Due to good workability pressure, to a broad band of properties, beautiful I blossom also to comparative cheapness brass - the most widespread copper alloy.

LATUR (La Typ) (La Tour) George de (1593-1652), the French painter. Having used genre motives and a contrast treatment of light and shade karavadzhizma, has created the stringent style noted by restraint of feelings, a color value, light, obobshchennostju outline profiles and forms (" Grieving over. The Magdalene ", " Abdication of apostle Peter ", 1650).