LYOTROPIC SERIES, a number of the ions located by way of intensifying or slackening of their influence on properties of the solvent. Lyotropic series of ions on their ability are known to be adsorbed from water solutions, on influence on water regain of proteins, etc.

LYOPHILIC PROPERTY AND LYOPHOBIC PROPERTY (from grech. lyo - I solve, phileo - I like and phobos - pavor), the concepts qualitatively defining interaction of a solid surface with a liquid. Lyophilic property (for water - hydrophily, for oils and fats - lipophily) means good (often full) watering, small interfacial energy, resistance of surfaces to the relative sticking. Lyophobic property (hydrophoby, oleofobnost) - counter concept.

LINDEN, stem of trees of a set of a linden family. Ok. 50 kinds, in the Sowing. Hemisphere. Forest forming breed. Use in gardening. Wood goes on manufacture of furniture, musical instruments, turning and carved items, barrels; a bast - on a bast, a bast - for spinning, etc. Racemes lindens ("lime-tree blossom") apply in medicine (diaphoretic), and also to aromatization of tea. Valuable honey plants.

LIPASE, ferments of a class of the hydrolases, catalyzing scission of triglycerides up to glycerine and loose fatty acids. For the person and animal are contained in tissues, and also in a pancreatin and participate in digestion of fats.

LIPANOV Alexey Matveevich (r. 1935), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1987). Transactionses on development of design techniques of engines of flight vehicles, probe of solid fuels and charges from them. The state premium of the USSR (1985).

LIPANY (Lipani) (Lipany), an occupied point ok.. CHeski-ford, in Slovakia. Under Lipanami in 1434 feodalno-roman catholic forces and chashniki have plotted decisive defeat taboritam.

LIPARIT, a rock, see. Rhyolite.

LIPARI ISLANDS (Lipari), 17 volcanic islands in Tirrenskom m. Terrain of Italy. 117 êì2. On islands Vulcanos and Stromboli (an altitude up to 926 ì) active volcanoes.

LIPATOV Vil Vladimirovich (1927-79), the Russian writer. In stories " Dead Mint " (1960), " the Rural detective " (1967), " the Legend on director Pronchatove " (1969), novels " And all this about a nem... " (1974), "Igor Savvovich" (1978) chronicles of the modern life, national tongue.

LIPGART Andrey Aleksandrovich (1898-1980), the Russian designer of automobiles, the honored worker of science and technique of RSFSR (1958), Dr.Sci.Tech. In 1933-51 chief designer Gorkovskogo of motor-works. Under guiding Lipgarta automobiles GAS - 51, "Victory", military destination are built, etc. State premiums of the USSR (1942, 1943, 1947, 1950, 1951).

LIPETSK RANGE, in the Russian Federation. 24,1 thousand êì2. The population of 1240 thousand person (1993), urban 63 %. 8 cities, 5 urban settlements (1993.) Center - Lipetsk. A surface - a undulating plain. A mean temperature of January ok.-10 °S, July ok. 19 °S. A rainfall ok. 500 mm annually. The main river - Don. Reservation Galichja the Mountain and a part of the Voronezh reservation. Iron and steel industry, a machine industry and metal working (tractors, rigs, electrotechnical items, etc.), manufacture of a building materials, chemical, a flavoring industry. Crops of wheat, neigh, buckwheats, sugar-beet, sunflower, a rustic tobacco. A potato growing, a vegetable raising. A fruit growing. Cultivation of a large horned stock, pigs, ovets. A poultry breeding.

The LIPETSK DRAMA THEATRE, regional, is based in 1921 as the first Soviet drama theatre, with 1994 academic. Actors: M.S.Seljanin, A.N.Titkov, A.P.Astorina, J.I.Ganin, K.A.Shitov, S.P.Pogrebnjak, etc. Main producer V.M.Pahomov (with 1977). Performances: "Uncle Vanja" (1983) and "Cherry orchard" (1992) A.P.Chehova, "Guilty though guiltless" A.N.Ostrovsky (1992), etc.

LIPETSK CROSS-OVER, narodnichesky, members " the Earth and will ", adherents of a political struggle and their adherents (11 person; Lipetsk, 15-17.6.1879). Participants have proclaimed themselves the Executive committee. Have decided to achieve on the Voronezh cross-over of introduction in the program of points on a political struggle and a terror.

LIPIDS (from grech. lipos - fat), the extensive group of natural organic compounds including fats and oily substances. Molecules of simple lipids will consist of spirit and fatty acids, the composite - from spirit, high molecular weight fatty acids and other components. Are contained in all living cells. Lipids - one of an essential ingredients of biological membranes. Will derivate a power reserve of an organism, participate in drive of nervous impulse, in building water-repellent and thermoinsulating covers, etc. To lipids attribute some fat-soluble substances which molecules do not include fatty acids, napr., terpenes, sterines. Many lipids - food, are used in an industry and medicine.

LIPIN Vyacheslav Nikolaevich (1858-1930), the Russian metallurgist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1928). Has organized in Russia manufacture of tungsten steel (1896). Activities on probe of influence of addition elements promoted building of domestic metallurgy kachestvennh steels.

LIPINSKY (Lipinski) Karol (1790-1861), the Polish violinist, the composer. Competed in the game with N.Paganini. Comic operas, 3 concordances, concerts for a violin with an orchestra, numerous plays for a violin, etc.

LIPIT-ISHTAR, tsar I of a dynasty of the state Isin ok. 1934-24 up to n. e. At a nem the canopy of laws (fragments have reached), rendered, probably, influence on laws Hammurapi is constituted.

LIPITSKAJA BATTLE, 21-22.4.1216, on r. Lipitsa, for JUrjeva-Polish, between vladimiro-Suzdal army Jaroslava Vsevolodovicha and Jury Vsevolodovicha and novgorodsko-pskovsko-smolensko-rostovskim army Mstislava Daring, Konstantin Vsevolodovicha, etc. Has ended in defeat JAroslava and Jury, has reduced in intensifying a political role of Novgorod.

LIPKI, city (with 1955) in the Russian Federation, the Tula region, on r. Upa, in 23 kms from zh.-d. An item. SHCHekino. 10,5 thousand inhabitants (1992). A coal mining. Manufacture of a building materials.