REPRODUCTION, continuous motion and resumption of a process of manufacture of life of any system - biological (napr., an individual, a population, biogeocenose, an ecosystem) or social (napr., the individual, family, a community, country, the capital). Actuates reproduction of system components, attitudes between them and interactions with an environment. In economy at simple reproduction manufacture is renewed in invariable, at amplate - in increased, at reduced - in decreasing scales.

REPRODUCTION of the POPULATION, in fine-bored sense - process of digenesis as a result of natural motion (a birth and mors), in broad - permanent resumption of the population on the basis of natural motion, migration, transitions of people from one social groups in other.

REPRODUCTION of NATURAL RESOURCES, natural (adjustable and noncontrollable) and synthetic process of increment of environmental resourse bases, restoration of their quality performances. The water resources protection and an airshed actuates such kinds, as a recultivation and land-reclamation, agrotechnical measures on improvement of soils, reforestation activities, cultivation ryboposadochnogo a material, biotechnical measures on conservation and reproduction of feral beasts and birds.

NUCLEAR FUEL BREEDER, education in nuclear reactors of secondary nuclear fuel - 239Pu (or 233U). Descends because nucleus t. n. A raw product 238U (or 232Th) seize the neutrons secreted at "burning" of primary nuclear fuel 235U. Implements in reactors - razmnozhiteljah (breeders).

RESTORATION, see. Redox reactions.

The "ORIENT", the Russian polar station in area of Austral geomagnetic pole in Vost. To Antarctica, at the altitude 3488 m, in 1250 kms from a coast. Works since December 1957. A cold pole of the Earth (ok.-90 °S). It is called in honour shljupa the "Orient".

The "ORIENT"... 1) a series of single-seat spacecrafts for flights on an earth orbit. Under the program "Orient" the capability of outer-space flight of the person was studied, scientific both biomedical probes and technical experiments were conducted. The "Orient" will consist of a descent vehicle and an equipment compartment with a braking propulsion system. Maximum mass of "Orient" 4,73 t. With 1961 on 1963 have committed flights of 6 ships "Orient" with 6 astronauts. The maiden flight of the person in cosmos is carried out (J.A.Gagarin, 1961), for the first time is accomplished formation flying two spacecrafts (A.G.Nikolaev, P.R.Popovich, 1962) and the first outer-space flight of woman (V.V.Tereshkova, 1963).... 2) 3-stepwise the carrier rocket for start of spacecrafts; on all stages liquid fuel is used.

The ORIENTS (an ice-film. fam. Ostenek) Alexander Hristoforovich (1781-1864), the Russian philologist, the poet, the academician Petersburg AN (1841). The explorer Russian tonic stihoslozhenija, monuments of old slavic writing, grammar slavonic, including Russian, tongue, has put in pawn a fundamentals of comparative slavonic linguistics in Russia. For the first time has emited " Ostromirovo gospels " (1843).

ORIENTAL STUDIES (orientalistika), set of the scientific disciplines investigator a history, economy, tongues, the literature, ethnography, art, religion, philosophy of countries of the Orient. Inside oriental studies there were regional branches (napr., arabistika, sinologija, indologija).

ORIENTAL STUDIES INSTITUTE of Russian Academy of Science (IVRAN) (in 1960-70 - Institute of peoples of Asia), the research establishment investigator a history, economy, the literature, crop, tongues of countries of the Orient. It is based in 1930 in Leningrad on the basis the Asian museum and some other vostokovedcheskih research establishments. With 1950 in Moscow; has branch in Saint Petersburg.

EASTERN ASIA, the part of Asia adjoining to Quiet ok. In moderate, subtropical and tropical belts from 20 up to 60 °s. sh. Mountains in combination to broad plains. A climate monsoon. A natural vegetation - in a north broad-leaved and mixed forests, in the south subtropical and tropical. Actuates eastern areas of the Russian Federation and China, Japan, KNDR and Republic Korea.

EASTERN WAR 1853-56, see. The Crimean war 1853-56.

EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE, see. Byzantium.

EASTERN RUMELIJA, the autonomous region (main Plovdiv) in structure of Ottoman empire, is built in terrain Juzh. Bulgaria the solution of the Berlin congress 1878. As a result of popular uprising in September 1885 Bulgaria is reunified with the principality.

EASTERN SIBERIA, eastern part of Siberia from Yenisei up to hrebtov a pacific watershed. The area 7,2 million êì2. The large part is occupied in Central Siberian plateau. In a north - a strip of lowlands, in the south - mountains JUzh. Siberia, on the orient - the JAno-Kolyma mountains. See also Siberia.

EAST - AUSTRALIAN MOUNTAINS, see Major Water-partite backbone.

EAST - AUSTRALIAN WRINKLED GEOSYNCLINAL BELT, pozdnedokembrijskij-paleozoic wrinkled belt, part of the Pacific geosynclinal belt. Reaches from eastern part p-ova Cape York peninsula in a north up to about. Tasmania in the south inclusively, on 3500 kms at width of 1500 kms.