SPOILAGE (Braque) George (1882-1963), the French painter. One of osnovatelej a cubism (" Woman with the gear quadrant ", 1913). The writer of many decorative - refined compositions.

BRAKONIDY, a set of hexapods of a section of parasitic Hymenoptera. Are similar on ichneumons true. St. 20 thousand kinds, are distributed widely, predominary in dry and warm localities. Larvas brakonid - endoparasites primarily larvas of butterflies and bugs. Some kinds are used in a biological control with destructive insects.

BRAKONNO (Braconnot) Anri (1780-1855), the French chemist. Transactionses on chemistry of natural connections. Has received (1819) grape sugar (glucose) a hydrolysis of cellulose. Has secured (1820) of protein hydrolysate of an amino asid glycine and a leucine. Synthesized (1833) trinitrattselljulozu - one of the first polymeric materials.

POACHING (from frants. braconnier - the poacher; originally - psovyj the hunter), production or destruction of wildings with an abuse of regulations of a hunt, fishery and other requests of the wildlife law. See also the Pirate hunt.

BRAKPAN (Brakpan), city on north-east of the republic of South Africa. St. 85 thousand inhabitants. One of the centres zolotopromyshlennogo area Witwatersrand. Metal-working plants.

BRAKTON (Bratton) (Bracton, Bratton) a Henry de (ok. 1200-1268), the English lawyer, for the first time systematized the main norms of the English common law.

BRAMANTE (Bramante) Donato (1444-1514), the italian architect. The representative of High Revitalization. Worked in Milan (church Santa-mary presso the Dignity - Satiro, 1479-83), Rome ("Tempjetto", 1502-03; yards of Vatican, with 1503; the design of a cathedral over. Peter, between 1506-14). Harmonic, whole, courageous on a regional composition of construction.

BRAMS (Brahms) Iogannes (1833-97), the german composer. From 1862 cable cores in Vienna. Acted as the pianist and the conductor. Simfonizm Brams is distinguished with organic combination of vensko-classical traditions and romantic figurativeness. 4 concordances, overtures, concerts for instruments with an orchestra, " the German requiem mass " (1868), kamerno-tool bands, compositions for a piano (including " the Hungarian dances ", 4 writing-books, 1869-80), choruses, vocal bands, songs, etc.

BRAN (irl. The crow), the hero of the Celtic mythology reached " islands blessed " where time has stayed and reigns perpetually abundance. About a nem the saga narrates " Float Brana ".

BRANAH (Branagh) Kenneth (r. 1960), the English actor and the producer, the scripter, the producer. The founder London " Renejsens tietr " where with major success played Hamlet. Broad popularity was received with his interpreting of tragedy of U.Shakespeare " King of Liras ". At kino A lot of hum from anything " (1993) has become famous Shakespeare for innovative screenings " Genrih V " (1989) and ". Has delivered also a mystical thriller " the Second mors " and an eccentric sad comedy " Among dull winter ".

BRAND (Brand) Vens (r. 1931), an astronaut the USA, the bachelor of natural sciences. Flight on "Apollo" under program EPAS (July 1975), " Spejs a shuttle " ("Columbia") in November 1982, " Spejs a shuttle " ("Challenger") in February 1984.

FIRE-WATCH (niderl. brandwacht), 1) a vessel, put at an orifice on road, in haven or the channel for fulfilment of sentry problems, for regulation and the count of motion of courts... 2) the Post on coast or on a vessel for overseeing by a fire - safety in a portside... 3) the Dumb boat housing accommodation for crew of suction-tube dredgers, diving stations, etc.

BRANDENBURG, city in Germany, ground Brandenburg, a port on r. Havel. 95 thousand inhabitants (1988). Metallurgy, mild, a flavoring industry, a machine industry. It is based ok. 1170. Construction of 13-15 centuries.

BRANDENBURG (Brandenburg), ground on the orient Germany. 28 thousand êì2. The population 2,5 million person (1992). Adm. ts. - Potsdam. At the centre of Brandenburg there is a capital of Germany Berlin, discharged in a separate administrative unit on rights of ground. In medieval Germany Brandenburg - the principality (mark - county) on the grounds conquered by the German feudal lords polabskih slavs, with 1356 kurfjurshestvo (with 1415 set Gogentsollerny; their residence with 1486 - Berlin); in 1618 it was aggregated with duchy Prussia in the Brandenburgsko-Prussian state (see. Prussia). After 2-nd world war the main body of ranges of Brandenburg has come in the Soviet occupation zone, in 1949 - in the German Democratic Republic. After apposition in 1990 German Democratic Republics to Federative Republic Germany Brandenburg in structure of consolidated Germany.

FIRE SHIP (a nem. Brander), a vessel, loaded combustible and blasting explosives which ignited and started up downwind or to flow on the enemy ships. In 19 - it is grey. 20 centuries called as fire ships aged the court, flooded for an orifice in haven of the opponent with the purpose of an obstacle.

BRANDES (Brandes) George (1842-1927), the danish literary critic. In nach. 70th has headed in Denmark t. n. Motion of outbreak, directed against romanticism, struggled for truthfulness and realism of the literature. Fundamental transactionses " Main flows in the european literature of XIX eyelid " (t. 1-6, 1872-90).

BRANDKUGEL (from a nem. Brand - a fire and Kugel - a nucleus), an incendiary shell of smoothbore artillery. It is invented in 18 century in Saxony.

BRANDMAJOR (a nem. Brandmajor), in Russia the officer of police, the chief of all fire brigades of metropolitan or provincial city.