VISKOVATYJ Ivan Mihajlovich (?-1570), the Russian diplomat, dumnyj the clerk, the printer (with 1561). The first chief of the Ambassadorial order, more than 20 flying supervised over foreign policy of Russia. Within oprichniny has been accused of change, it is executed.

VISCOSE (from pozdnelat. viscosus - viscous), a high-viscosity solution of a product of interaction of an alkali cellulose with carbon bisulphide (cellulose xanthate) in a thin water solution of caustic soda. (Cellophane), an imitation leather (kersey) is applied primarily to obtaining a viscose rayon, a film.

WHISKOSIMETER (from pozdnelat. viscosus - viscous and... Meter), a gauge meter of viscosity of liquids and gases.

VISCOSIMETRY, set of method of measurements of viscosity. Methods are most distributed: capillary, founded on Puazejlja the law; a falling ball (see. The Stokes the law); rotational (coaxial cylinders) and ultrasonic.

VISCOSE RAYON, the synthetic fiber moulded from viscose; will consist of hydrated cellulose. It is easily imbued, hygroscopicly; a limitation - a major weakening in a wet condition, a mild limpness, low wear-resistance - are removed by updating of a viscose rayon (see, napr., the Polynosic fiber). Due to availability of raw material and low cost of reactants manufacture of a viscose rayon vysokoekonomichno. It is applied (sometimes in a mix with other fibers) to a yield of apparel fabrics, jersey, a longe.

WISCONSIN (Wisconsin), staff in a north the USA. 145,4 thousand êì2. The population 5,0 million person (1993). Adm. ts. - Madison.

VISCONTI (Visconti), a notable italian stem (it is known with kon. 10 century) to which tyrants (governors) of Milan in 1277-1447 (with 1395 - dukes) belonged.

VISCONTI Lukino (1906-1976), the italian producer. One of founders of neo-realism. The participant of movement of Resistance. Films: " the Earth shivers " (1948), "Most beautiful" (1951), " Rokko and his brothers " (1960). The major for Visconti a theme - the conflict between anarchist individualism and humanistic norms of morals - is developed in refined films on the plastic skill, dedicated problems of the artist and crop, the person and his time: " Death of gods " (1969), " Mors in Venice " (1971), "Ludwig" (1972), " the Family portrait in an interior " (1974), "Innocent" (1976), etc. Performances at drama and opera theatres.

VISTULA (Wisla), the most major river of Poland. 1047 kms, the area of basin of 198,5 thousand êì2. The beginning in Zap. Carpathian mountains, runs into the Gdansk bay and Vislinsky a hall. Baltic m. The main inflow - the Dignity, Pilica, Narev. Average discharge of water 1090 m3 / with; ledostav it is unstable. It is navigable in the lower and mean flow, it is paired by channels to Dnepr, Odra, Neman. On Vistula - cities Krakows, Warsaw, Plock, Torun; in delta - Gdansk.

VISLINSKY the BAY, a lagoon of the Gdansk bay of Baltic m. for coasts of Poland. Part Vislinskogo of a bay for coasts of the Russian Federation calls Kaliningrad a hall. Length ok. 90 kms, width of 2-25 kms, depth of 3-5 m. It is unbound from starving the Baltic sand - bar. In a north it is bridged by a channel to the Gdansk bay. Ports: Kaliningrad and Baltiysk (Russian Federation).

VISLITSENUS (Wislicenus) Johannes (1835-1902), german chemists - organics. Basic transactionses in range of an isomerism.

VISLITSKO-PETROKOVSKIE STATUSES, in Poland collections of the laws adopted in 1346-47, record of the Polish customary law. It is issued by king Kazimirom III.

VISLO-ODERSKAJA the OPERATION, 12.1-3.2.1945, during Great Domestic war. The Soviet troops of 1-st Byelorussian and 1-st Ukrainian of fronts (Marshals of Soviet Union G.K.Zhukov and I.S.Konev) have broken through the defence of a german troops of an army group "Ç", about 26.1" Center " (general - colonel I.Garpe, with 17.1 - general - colonel F.Sherner) on Vistula, have released Warsaw (17.1), have enclosed large groupings of the opponent in Breslau and Poznan, have released a western part of Poland, forced r. Oder also have entered on terrain of Germany, having taken an advantageous rule for approach to Berlin.

WISMAR (Wismar), city in Germany, ground Meklenburg-forward Pomerania, a port on Baltic m. of 55 thousand inhabitants (1991). Shipbuilding, a fish treatment industry. Gothic bricky churches Nikolajkirhe (it initiated in 1381), Georgenkirhe (is grey. 15 century), the Renaissance palace meklenburgskih princes Fjurstenhof (1553-54).

BISMUTH (an armour. Wismuthum), Bi, chemical element V of group of a periodic system, atomic number 83, atomic weight 208,9804. Siver-white metal, brittle, fusible; firmness of 9,80 g / sm3, tïë 271,4 °S. In a dry air it is resistant. Minerals - bismuthine, a bismite, etc.; get primarily incidentally with lead, copper. A component of low-melting-temperature alloys, an additive compound to legkoobrabatyvaemym to automatic steels and other alloys, to aluminium; a melt of bismuth - the heat - carrier in nuclear reactors. Connections of bismuth - pigments, fluxes in manufacture of ceramics, the glasses binding and antiseptic agents in medicine.

BISMUTH NATIVE, a mineral consisting in main from Bi. Siver-white with yellowish shade vkraplenniki, acinose masses, dendrites. Hardness 2,5; firmness of 9,8 g / sm3. Primarily hydrothermal.

BISMUTHINE (the bismuthic luster), mineral of a class of sulphides, Bi2S3. Impurity Sb, Se. White, often with motley blueing needles, fibrous units, etc. Hardness 3,5; firmness of 6,8 g / sm3. In hydrothermal, less often pnevmatolitovyh deposits. A main mineral of ores of bismuth.

The BISMUTHIC of ORE. Main minerals: bismuth native, bismuthine, tetradimit, kozalit, a bismite, a bismuthite. Deposits hydrothermal, etc. Main getting foreign countries: Australia, Japan, Peru, Mexico, Bolivia, the USA.

The BISMUTHIC LUSTER, the same, that bismuthine.