VISNAPUU (Visnapuu) Henrik (1890-1951), the Estonian poet. Creativity, proniknutoe mutinous moods, is converted to destiny of Estonian people, executed prophesies about his future; poetic collections "Amores" (1917), " Songs Marjamaa " (1927), " Two beginnings " (1940), the novel in verses " the Shade of a satan " (1937), a historical drama " the Earth instead of freedom " (1938); an essay. With 1944 in emigration, with 1949 in the USA.

VISNER Þ., see JU.

ABUNDANT YEAR, the calendar year keeping 366 sut (for one day more than simple year). On new style (see. The calendar) each year, which figure is divided on 4, is leap (except for years which figures ende on 2 zero, but are not divided on 400, napr., 1700, 1800).

TEMPORAL RINGS, bronze, silver, golden women dressings, vpletavshiesja in a hair for temples. Are known from a bronze age, have been distributed for eastern slavs in Middle Ages.

"VISRAMIANI", the Georgian novel of 12 century. Free prosaic transfer of a poem of persian poet Gurgani " Vis and Ramin " (1048).

VISSARION Larissky (16 century), archbishop, founder Dusikskogo of a monastery in Thessaly. Memory in the Orthodox church on September, 15 (28).

VISSARION NICAEAN (ok. 1400-1472), the byzantian tserkovno-political and literary figure, the scientist. Archbishop of. Niceas. It was declined to acceptance of the union between Grecian and latin tserkvami on the Ferraro-Florentine cathedral 1438-39. The ambassador otverzhenija unions Greeks has lodged in Italy, has become a cardinal bird. Translated into on latin tongue Aristotelja, Teofrasta and Ksenofonta and promoted acquaintance of the West to the Grecian literature and philosophy. The library gathered by him was the basis of the well-known venetian library over. Mark.

VISCERAL (from an armour. viscera - viscera), in anatomy - splanchnic, relating an internals, napr., a visceral layer of a pleura. Compare. Parietal.

VISCEROPTOSIS, the same, that a splanchnoptosia.

TRAILING SYSTEM, in structural mechanics - system in which the main carriers, predominary nonrigid, elements (cables, cables, circuits, membranes, etc.) work in tension. Examples of trailing systems - flying bridges, long-span roofs of buildings, cableways, pendant pipe lines.

Ivan Petrovich (1794-1855), the Russian sculptor SOARED. The representative of a classicism (a spout on the Theatrical area in Moscow, 1835). Precise under the characteristics iconic busts ("A.S.Pushkin", 1837).

VITALISM (from an armour. vitalis - zoetic), flow in the biology, admitting availability in organisms of incorporeal supernatural force ("vital force", "shower", "Archean", etc.), control the zoetic phenomena. Elements of a vitalism were present at philosophy Aristotelja (entelehija); the most known vitalists of 17-19 centuries - ß. van Gelmont, G.Shtal, I.Mjuller, H.Drish.

VITALY Kerkirsky (mind. ok. 63), the Christian martyr, versed to the Christ apostles Iasonom and Sosipatrom. Memory in the Orthodox church on April, 28 (on May, 11).

VITALERY (brothers - vitaljery), association of pirates Baltic (a base - about. Gotland), after Boreal (about. Helgoland) seas (13-15 centuries). In 1389-95 delivered deposited a danish troops to Stockholm the foodstuffs (Vitalien - from here the title). Of poor ganzejskih cities were supported.

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY, the painful condition originating in events when the charge of vitamins in an organism exceeds their receipt (avitaminosises, hypovitaminoses).

VITAMIN THERAPY, introduction in an organism of vitamins in fixed doses with the purpose of indemnification of their defect (at vitamin deficiency), and also with other medical and prophylactic purposes.

VITAMINS (from an armour. vita - life), the low molecular weight organic compounds of a different chemical nature necessary in minor quantities for a normal metabolism and vital activity of living organisms. Many vitamins - precursors of coenzymes in which structure participate in different enzymatic reactions. The person and animal do not synthesize vitamins or synthesize them in poor quantity and consequently should receive vitamins with nutrition. The protosource of vitamins plants routinely minister. Some vitamins will be derivated by a microflora of an intestines. The long-lived use of the nutrition, denuded vitamins, invokes diseases (gipo-and avitaminosises). Many vitamins used as medicinal preparations, receive chemical or microbialogic synthesis. The main vitamins: À1 (Retinol), Â1 (Thiaminum), Â2 (Riboflavinum), Â3 (pantothen), Â6 (pyridoxine), Â12 (cyanocobalamin), Vs (folic acid), With (ascorbic acid), D (calciferol), E (tocopherols), N (biotin), RR (niacin), Ê1 (fillohinon).

VITAS (Vitas) JUozas (an ice-film. fam. And name Valunas, Valunas, Jonas) (1899-1943), one of chiefs of an anti-fascist underground in Lithuania in Great Domestic war, the Hero of Soviet Union (1965, posthumously). With 1940 chairman Vilnius gorispolkoma, in 1943 secretary of a underground city town committee of a consignment and the chief underground " Soyuz of discharging of Lithuania ". It is executed by fascists.

VITACHEK Eugeny Frantsevich (1880-1946), the Russian master of stringed instruments, the honored worker of arts of Russia (1932). With 1919 saver of the State collection of unique musical instruments.

VITBANK (Witbank), a coal-mining district in the republic of South Africa, prov. Transvaal. Ok. 55 thousand êì2. Uglenosny adjournments of Carbon - triasa. Common stocks 51,1 billion t. Carbons bituminous, coked (in an austral part - anthracites). Combustion heat of 17,3-32 MDZH/KG. A underground mining ok. 100 million t (kon. 1980th). The main centre-. Vitbank.