BRUKHEJVENSKAJA the NATIONAL LABORATORY (Brookhaven National Laboratory) the Energy Research and Development Administration the USA, is based in 1947 (about. Lond Island, pieces. New York). Probes on a nuclear energy, radiation medicine, etc.

BRUKHEJZEN (Broekhuizen) Joan van (1649-1707), the Netherlands soldier and the poet. Commentator Propertsija and Tibulla. Books "Verses" (1677, in the Netherlands tongue), "Poems" (1684, in latin tongue).

BRUM (Brum) Baltasar (1883-1933), the president of Uruguay in 1919-23, with 1913 on different portfolios. The adherent of reforms Batlje-i-Ordonjesa. Has committed suicide in a mark of the protest against establishment in country in 1933 dictatorships.

BRUMBERG Eugeny Mihajlovich (1907-77), the Russian engineer, the expert in range of optical instrumentation technologies. Has created a number{series} of original optical devices: ultrahemiskop (the device for a development hromogramm in ultraviolet rays), a ultrofioletovyj-microscope. Has developed the method of a contact luminescent microscopy used at study of a microstructure of microscopic sections of organs and tissues of the person and animal. The state premium of the USSR (1942).

BRUNGILDA (Brunhilde) (ok. 534-613), frankskaja queen, with 575 actually steered Avstraziej. Combated king Nejstrii Hilperikom I and his{its} wife Fredegondoj and with avstrazijskoj znatju. Has sufferred a defeat. It is executed.

BRUNGILDA (Brjunhilda), in the Scandinavian mythology one of valkiry; in german " Songs about Nibelungah " the queen of Iceland becoming suprugoj Guntera, king burgundov; vinovnitsa morses Zigfrida.

BRUNEI, Brunei Darussalam (Brunei Darussalam), the state in JUgo-Vost. Asia, on northwest coast about. Kalimantan. 5,8 thousand êì2. The population of 275 thousand person (1993); primarily malayans, and also Chinese, dajaki, etc. The Urban population of 90 % (1993). Official languages - malayan and English. The majority of believers - moslems - sunnity. Capital - Bandar Seri Begawan. Enters into Commonwealth. Brunei - the constitutional monarchy (sultanat). The chief of state - the anthurus. A large part of a surface - plain. A climate equatorial. An air temperature all the year ok. 26 °S. A rainfall 2000 - 4000 mm annually. St. 75 % of terrain take the wet tropical forests. In 1888-1983 British protectorate. On January, 1 1984 independence of Brunei is professed. The basis{fundamentals} of economy - a crude production, manufacture of liquified gas. A lobe in a gross internal product (1990, %) an industry 41,6, an agriculture 2,1. Cultivate rice, a sago palm; Plantations of rubber plants. Animal husbandry. Timber loggings. Oil processing. A principal view of the transport - river navigation. An expansion (1990) railways of 19 kms, motorways of 2,2 thousand in km. Export: the petroleum, the liquefied natural gas, petroleum, rubber, saw-timber. The main{basic} foreign trade partners: Japan, JUzh. Korea, Singapore. Monetary unit - dollar of Brunei.

BRUNELLESKI (Brunelleschi) Filippo (1377-1446), the italian architect, the sculptor, the scientist. Worked in Florence. One of creators of the architecture of Revitalization and the theory of a linear perspective. Innovatively used antique traditions. Products{creations} Brunelleski differ harmonic clearness, strictness of proportions, perfection{efficiency} of construction solutions (a dome of a cathedral Santa-mary del Fjore, 1420-36; Ospedale delji Innochenti, 1421-44; chapel Patstsi, 1429, - all in Florence).

BRUNER (Bruner) Dzherom Sejmur (r. 1915), the American psychologist. One of the first beginnings of probe of requirements and values as organizing factors of perception. Transactionses on problems of education{learning}.

BRUNI Lion Aleksandrovich (1894-1948), the Russian artist, in the 1910-beginning of 1920th bordered on to futurism and constructivism, creating counterreliefs and pointless compositions. The virtuoso of drawing, a light colour stain, has transfered to more traditional painting and the schedule{chart} (including to landscapes of desert Optinoj) in spirit of " quiet art " later. Was also the master of monumental painting (in 1935-48 headed the conforming studio at Academy of the architecture), developing here again principles alien to semi-official organ free, rhythmically - refined creativity.

BRUNI (Bruni) Leonardo (a nickname - Aretino) (1370 or 1374-1444), the italian humanist. Settled idea of full growth of the personality, condemned asceticism. The convinced republican, the opponent of tyranny. The writer of products{creations} " the History of Florence " (t. 1-12, 1439), " Life Dante ", " Petrarca Life ".

BRUNI Feodor Antonovich (1799-1875), the Russian historical painter. Combined elements of a classicism and romanticism (" the Copper snake ", 1827-41). With kon. 1840th the chapter of Russian academism (paintings Isaakievskogo of a cathedral in Saint Petersburg, 1841-45).

BRUNNER (Brunner) Genrih (1840-1915), the german historian, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1908). Transactionses on a history of the state and the right of an early West-European Middle Ages. The adherent of the communal theory.

BRUNNER Emil (1889-1966), the Swiss Protestant theologian, the representative of dialectic theology.

BRUNFELS (Brunfels) Otto (1488-1534), german botanik. The writer of the first botanical atlas (" Alive plotting of plants ", t. 1-3, 1530-36). Linnej has called Brunfelsa as the father of botany.

BALK (rod) (in structural mechanics), the structural member, which crosscut measurements are small as contrasted to in length.

BRUSILOV Alexey Alekseevich (1853-1926), the Russian military figure, the general from a cavalry (1912). In 1-¯ world war by commanding 8-th army in Galitsijskoj to battle, with 1916 commander-in-chief of Southwest front, has conducted successful approach (t. n. Brusilovsky outbreak). In May - July 1917 supreme commander in chief. With 1920 in Red Army, in 1923-1924 inspector of a cavalry.

BRUSILOV George Lvovich (1884-1914?), the Russian explorer of Arctic regions, the lieutenant of fleet. In 1910-11 participant of hydrographic expedition on courts " Òàéìûð " and "Vaigach". In 1912-14 chief of expedition on a schooner " St.. Anna " which purpose was to pass on Boreal marine ways from Atlantic in Quiet ok. The destiny of expedition is unknown.