BUDDHAGHOSHA (5 century up to n. e.), the outstanding scientist - Buddhist who has constituted arguments and additions{appendices} to a Buddhist canon.

BUDEN (Boudin) Ezhen (1824-98), the French painter. Poetical, landscapes finely relaying air medium anticipated impressionism.

BUDYONNOVSK, (up to 1920 Sacred Cross, in 1920-35 and 1957-73 Prikumsk), city in the Russian Federation, Stavropol kr. A depot. 58,5 thousand inhabitants (1992). A chemical, alimentary, textile industry. It is based in 1799. It is renamed in honour of S.M.Budyonny.

BUDENNOVSKAJA BREED of horses, high, is introduced in 1921-48 in stud farms of the Rostov region. Animal large, proof build, wanton, hardy. Use and in a harness.

BUDYONNY Semen Mihajlovich (1883-1973), Marshal of Soviet Union (1935), triply the Hero of Soviet Union (1958, 1963, 1968). In the Civil war commanding 1-st Horse army (1919-23). In 1939-41 deputy narkoma defences of the USSR. In Great Domestic war (in 1941-42) the commander-in-chief a troops of the Southwest and North Caucasian directions, commanding Stand-by and North Caucasian fronts. One of organizers of mass reprisals among military in 1930-40-Õ. Memories: " Projdennyj a path{route} " (kn. 1-3, 1958-73).

BUDENOVKA, the national title of the headgear existing in Red Army in 1919-1941.

BUDZHAK, historical range between ostiums of the rivers Danube and Dnestr in 16-19 centuries, an austral part of Bessarabia (the south of the modern Odessa region). In 17-18 centuries kochevja the Belgorod Horde. With 1812 in Russian empire.

" BUDI UTOMO " (" the High purpose "), the first national Indonesian educational and anticolonial organization (1908-35). Integrated primarily representatives of the intelligency, learning youth, officials.

"ALARM CLOCK", the Russian satirical log-book issued in 1865-71 in Saint Petersburg, in 1873-1917 in Moscow (2 times a month, with 1866 it are weekly). In 60th published products{creations} of democratic writers. In 1881-87 in "Alarm clock" A.P.Chehov cooperated.

BUDINY, nomad tribes in terrain between Dnepr and Volga (1 thousand up to n. e.).

"BUDITELI", figures (primarily scientists, writers) the Czech national motion (" the Czech revitalization ") kon. 18 - 1-st floor. 19 centuries. The program (1818; writers F.Palatsky, P.Shafarik) - extirpation for revitalization of the Czech tongue, the literature, science, crop. Have played the considerable role in formation of the Czech national self-consciousness.

BUDISHIN, luzhitskoe the title of. Bautsen in Germany.

BUDISHINSKY the MIR 1018, has finished germansko-Polish wars 1003-18 (with a rest). It is signed in. Budishin. To Poland marks headed out Luzhitsa, part Mishenskoj (Mejsenskoj).

BUDISHCHEV Alexey Nikolaevich (1864-1916), the Russian writer, the poet. In lyrics (the collection of "Poem", 1901) - chamber intonations; poem "Kalitka" (" Only evening zateplitsja blue... "), set to music, has become a popular romance. Stories (the collection " Miscellaneous concepts ", 1901), novels.

BUDKER Gersh Itskovich (1918-77), Russian physics, academician AN the USSR (1964). The founder and the director of Institute of nuclear physics AN the USSR (with 1957). Transactionses on nuclear reactors, boosters, plasma physics, physics of particles of high energy. Has created boosters on colliding beams. The lenin premium (1967), the State premium of the USSR (1949).

BUDNIKOV Peter Petrovich (1885-1968), the chemist - neorganik, corresponding member AN the USSR (1939), academician AN of Ukraine (1939), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1965). Transactionses on chemistry and technologies of silikates, to complex{integrated} study of mineral raw materials. State premiums of the USSR (1942, 1950, 1952).

BUDNYJ Simon (ok. 1530-93), one of chiefs reformatsionnogo motions in Belarus and Lithuania. The organizer of a printing house in Nesvizhe where has emited in the Byelorussian tongue "Catechisn" (1562) and other books.

BUDOCHNIK, the lowest grade of a city police in Russian empire. Had a post{station} (a booth with black-and-white strips) on crossroads of streets. In 2-nd floor. 19 century it is substituted by the policeman.

BUDRAJTIS (Budraitis) JUozas (r. 1940), the Lithuanian actor, the national actor of Lithuania (1982). With 1979 at the Kaunas drama theatre. Art Budrajtisa is noted by restraint, courage, psychologic depth. Roles: Solnes ("Builder Solnes" G.Ibsena), Hereja ("Kaligula" A.Kamju), etc. Was taken out nobody in films " wanted to die ", " This sweet word - freedom ", television film "Roundrobin", etc.