VILAND Kristof Martin (1733-1813), the german writer of Enlightenment. The educational novel of education "Agaton" (1766), the satirical novel " the History abderitov " (1774), a fancy poem "Oberon" (1780).

VILED, the river in the European part of the Russian Federation, the left-handed in-leak{influx} of Vychegda. 321 kms, the area of basin 5610 êì2. Irregular navigation on 106 kms from a mouth.

VILEJKA, city (with 1795) in Belarus, the Minsk region, on r. Vilija. A depot. 29,5 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factories: constructional members, auto-repair; a food-processing industry. It is based in it is grey. 16 century.

VILENSKY Zinovy (Zalman) Moiseevich (1899-1984), the Russian sculptor, the national artist of the USSR (1980), corresponding member AH the USSR (1954). In portraits convincingly transmitted personal features ("P.I.Chajkovsky", 1947). The state premium of the USSR (1948).

VILIMAA (Vilimaa) JUlo (r. 1941), the Estonian ballet dancer and the ballet master, the national actor of Estonia (1985). With 1973 main ballet master of theatre " Âàíåìóéíå " (Tartu).

VILIJA (Âiëiÿ) (lits. - Njaris, Neris), the river in Belarus and Lithuania, dextral in-leak{influx} Njamunasa (Neman). 510 kms, the area of basin 25,1 êì2. For. Vilejka - water reservoir. Average discharge 182 m3 / with. On Vilii over 1.5 thousand lakes. It is navigable on stray patches. On Vilii - cities Vilnius, Kaunas (in a mouth).

VILKAVISHKIS (up to 1917 official title Vilkovishki), city in Lithuania. A depot. 14,2 thousand inhabitants (1990). Factories: canning, hardware; a clothing factory. It is known from 16 century.

VILKOVO, city on Ukraine, the Odessa region, a port in delta of Danube (Kilijskoe girlo), in 18 kms from Black m. of 11,1 thousand inhabitants (1991). Fish treatment, ship repair facilities; factory of press clusters. It is known with 1762.

VILKS (Vilks) (an ice-film. fam. Latsis) Evalds (1923-1976), the Latvian writer. The collection of stories " People of one truth " (1949) about war, " In days autumnal " (1955) about life of collective-farm village, " Kind familiar " (1973).

COUNTRY HOUSE (an armour. villa - farm, a manor), a country house with a garden or park.

VILLANELLA (ital. villanella - a rural song), a genre italian household satirical, game, ljubovno-lyrical mnogogolosnoj songs of 15-16 centuries. Music villanelly light character, it is frequent with features tantsevalnosti.

VILLANOVA CROP (in archeology), the early Iron Age (ok. 900-500 up to n. e.), in the Sowing. Italy. It is called on a seconds. Villanova (Villanova) about Bologna. Burials with truposozhzhenijami. An economy: agriculture.

VILLANY (from an armour. villa - a manor), in France, Italy, Germany peasants, personally loose, but dependent on the feudal lord as holder of ground; in England (till 15-16 centuries) serfs.

VILLAR (Villars) Klod Lui Ektor (1653-1734), duke (1705), the French marshal - general (1733). Has gained a number{series} of victories in war for the Spanish patrimony, including at Denene. In war for the Polish patrimony has committed a successful marching in the Sowing. Italy (1733).

VILLARI (Villari) Emilio (1836-1904), italian physics. Activities in ranges of an electricity, magnetism and opticians. Has discovered (1865) magnetoelastic effect (Villari effect).

VILLARI EFFECT (magnetoelastic effect), open{discovered} by italian physicist E.Villari (E. Villari; 1865) the phenomena of change of a magnetization of a body at his{its} strain (effect, revertive magnetostrictions). Villari the effect is stipulated by change under action of mechanic pressure{voltage;stresses} of a domain structure of the ferromagnetic substance defining his{its} magnetization (see. Domains ferromagnetic).

VILLAFRANKSKOE ARMISTICE 1859, is encased in Villafranke (the Sowing. Italy) between France and Austria, it is separate from the Sardinian kingdom - the ally of France on avstro-italo-frantsuzskoj to war 1859. On Villafrankskomu to armistice only Lombardy was transmitted to the Sardinian kingdom, and Venice remained under the Austrian domination. It is made fast by Zurich agreements 1859.

VILLEVALDE Bogdan Pavlovich (1818-1903), the Russian painter. The representative of official academic art; wrote effective battle patterns.

WILLEMITE, mineral of subclass of nesosilicates, Zn2 [SiO4]. Impurity{additives} Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg. Units of needles, solid, acinose masses. Hardness 5,5; firmness ok. 4,2 g / sm3. Kontaktovo-metasomatichesky hydrothermal; often hypergenic. In major clumps - ore Zn. Diaphanous yellow willemites - precious stones. Synthetic willemites - luminophores.

WILLEMSTAD (Willemstad), city and a port on about. Curacao, an administrative centre of the Netherlands Antilles islands (possession of Netherlands). 125 thousand inhabitants (1985). Petroleum refining (from Venezuela).