The VIRION, completely generated{formed} virus particle consisting of nucleic acid and a proteinaceous environment (capsid). Keeps and tolerates a genetic material of a virus from one cell to other.

TONING, the same, that staining of photographic plotting.

BATH-SHEBA, in the Bible one of wives of king David, mother of Solomon.

VIRSALADZE Eliso Konstantinovna (r. 1942), the Russian and Georgian pianist, the national actress of the USSR (1989). With 1959 solistka Tbilisi, from 1977 Moscow philarmonic societies. With 1967 teaches in the Moscow conservatory. 1-n the premium at International competition by him{it}. R.Schuman (Zwickau, Germany, 1966), 3-n the premium at International competition by him{it}. P.I.Chajkovskogo (Moscow, 1962).

VIRSKY Paul Pavlovich (1905-75), the Ukrainian ballet master, the national actor of the USSR (1960). The organizer of Band of national dance of Ukraine (1937; with 1955 chief). The state premium of the USSR (1950, 1970).

VIRT (Wirth) Charles Joseph (1879-1956), in 1921-22 German rejhskantsler. In 1922 has signed (together with V.Ratenau) sovetsko-German Rapallsky the agreement. In 1930-31 Minister of Internal Affairs. After 2-nd world war supported establishment of friendship from the USSR. The international Lenin premium (1955).

VIRTA Nikolay Evgenjevich (1906-76), the Russian writer. Novels: the "Loneliness" (1935), semi-officially treating hopelessness antonovshchiny, "Bell vesper" (1951). Plays. The state premium of the USSR (1941, 1948, 1949, 1950).

VIRTANEN (Virtanen) Artturi Ilmari (1895-1973), the Finnish biochemist. Has created (1928-1929) method of preservation of green foods ("AIV-METHOD"). Developed methods of preservation of milk and milk food, improved the "know-how" of cheeses. The Nobel Prize (1945).

VIRTANEN JAlmari Erikovich (1889-1939), the Karelian poet. Verses on transactionses and a northen country (collections "At a leisure", 1930, " Red kantele ", 1937). It is repressed; it is rehabilitated posthumously.

The VIRTUAL STORAGE (apparent computer storage), system of the memory devices organized in such a manner that the programmer can consider them as one major RAM, that essentially simplifies a procedure of drawing up of programs for multiprogram computers.

VIRTUAL DISPLACEMENTS, the same, that possible{probable} conveyances.

VIRTUAL PARTICLES in a quantum theory of field (KTP), particles in the transient states, existing short time? t which is connected to their power E an indeterminacy relation? t ~ž/E, where ž - the Planck a stationary value. It agrees KTP, interaction of particles implements due to their exchange of different virtual particles (napr., virtual quantums at an electromagnetic interaction of charged particles, virtual intermediate vectorial bosons at weak coupling).

The VIRTUOSO (ital. virtuoso, from an armour. virtus - valour, talent), the initiator (the musician is more often), it is masterful possessing technique of art. The person who has reached{achieved} in-process the maximum degree of skill.

" VIRTUOSOES of MOSCOW ", a chamber orchestra. It is built in 1979 in Moscow. The artistic administrator and the conductor - V.T.Spivakov. In repertoir - products{creations} Western-European and Russian klassikov, the modern composers.

VIRTUS (an armour. Virtus - valour), in Roman mythology the goddess, personification of valour, military bravery and the civil duty.

VIRULENCE (from an armour. virulentus - toxicant), a degree of pathogenecity (pathogenicity) of the given microorganism. Depends on zymotic properties of the agent and from a receptivity of an infected organism. Synthetic change of a virulence of microbes is applied at obtaining vaccines.

VIRUMAA (Virumaa) (Virlandija, Vironija, Virujany), drevneestonskaja maakond (ground) on north-east of the modern Estonia with cities Narva and Rakvere. In 13 century it is seized by Denmark, in 1346 it is conceded Livonskomu to order, with 1561 - in structure of Sweden, part Estljandii. In structure of the Russian state with 1710; later - Vezenbergsky for. Estljandskoj lips.

VIRUNGA (. Kivu), national park in Zaire (809 thousand ga) and Ruanda (23 thousand ga). It is based to 1925. Savannahs, tropical mountain and gallery forests. A mountain gorilla, the elephant, the river horse, a water buffalo, antelopes.