VISSARION Larissky (16 century), archbishop, founder Dusikskogo of a monastery in Thessaly. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on September, 15 (28).

VISSARION NICAEAN (ok. 1400-1472), the byzantian tserkovno-political and literary figure, the scientist. Archbishop of. Niceas. It was declined to acceptance of the union between Grecian and latin tserkvami on the Ferraro-Florentine cathedral 1438-39. The ambassador otverzhenija unions Greeks has lodged in Italy, has become a cardinal bird. Translated into on latin tongue Aristotelja, Teofrasta and Ksenofonta and promoted acquaintance of the West to the Grecian literature and philosophy. The library gathered by him{it} was the basis{fundamentals} of the well-known venetian library over. Mark.

VISCERAL (from an armour. viscera - viscera), in anatomy - splanchnic, relating an internals, napr., a visceral layer of a pleura. Compare. Parietal.

VISCEROPTOSIS, the same, that a splanchnoptosia.

TRAILING SYSTEM, in structural mechanics - system in which the main{basic} carriers, predominary nonrigid, elements (cables, cables, circuits, membranes, etc.) work in tension. Examples of trailing systems - flying bridges, long-span roofs of buildings, cableways, pendant{suspension} pipe lines.

Ivan Petrovich (1794-1855), the Russian sculptor SOARED. The representative of a classicism (a spout on the Theatrical area in Moscow, 1835). Precise under the characteristics iconic busts ("A.S.Pushkin", 1837).

VITALISM (from an armour. vitalis - zoetic), flow in the biology, admitting availability in organisms of incorporeal supernatural force ("vital force", "shower", "Archean", etc.), control the zoetic phenomena. Elements of a vitalism were present at philosophy Aristotelja (entelehija); the most known vitalists of 17-19 centuries - ß. van Gelmont, G.Shtal, I.Mjuller, H.Drish.

VITALY Kerkirsky (mind{wit}. ok. 63), the Christian martyr, versed to the Christ apostles Iasonom and Sosipatrom. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on April, 28 (on May, 11).

VITALERY (brothers - vitaljery), association of pirates Baltic (a base - about. Gotland), after Boreal (about. Helgoland) seas (13-15 centuries). In 1389-95 delivered deposited a danish troops to Stockholm the foodstuffs (Vitalien - from here the title). Of poor ganzejskih cities were supported.

VITAMIN DEFICIENCY, the painful condition originating in events when the charge of vitamins in an organism exceeds their receipt{entry} (avitaminosises, hypovitaminoses).

VITAMIN THERAPY, introduction in an organism of vitamins in fixed doses with the purpose of indemnification of their defect (at vitamin deficiency), and also with other medical and prophylactic purposes.

VITAMINS (from an armour. vita - life), the low molecular weight organic compounds of a different chemical nature necessary in minor quantities for a normal metabolism and vital activity of living organisms. Many vitamins - precursors of coenzymes in which structure participate in different enzymatic reactions. The person and animal do not synthesize vitamins or synthesize them in poor quantity and consequently should receive vitamins with nutrition. The protosource of vitamins plants routinely minister. Some vitamins will be derivated by a microflora of an intestines. The long-lived use of the nutrition, denuded vitamins, invokes{produces} diseases (gipo-and avitaminosises). Many vitamins used as medicinal preparations, receive chemical or microbialogic synthesis. The main{basic} vitamins: À1 (Retinol), Â1 (Thiaminum), Â2 (Riboflavinum), Â3 (pantothen), Â6 (pyridoxine), Â12 (cyanocobalamin), Vs (folic acid), With (ascorbic acid), D (calciferol), E (tocopherols), N (biotin), RR (niacin), Ê1 (fillohinon).

VITAS (Vitas) JUozas (an ice-film. fam. And name Valunas, Valunas, Jonas) (1899-1943), one of chiefs of an anti-fascist underground in Lithuania in Great Domestic war, the Hero of Soviet Union (1965, posthumously). With 1940 chairman Vilnius gorispolkoma, in 1943 secretary of a underground city town committee of a consignment and the chief underground " Soyuz of discharging of Lithuania ". It is executed by fascists.

VITACHEK Eugeny Frantsevich (1880-1946), the Russian master of stringed instruments, the honored worker of arts of Russia (1932). With 1919 saver of the State collection of unique musical instruments.

VITBANK (Witbank), a coal-mining district in the republic of South Africa, prov. Transvaal. Ok. 55 thousand êì2. Uglenosny adjournments of Carbon - triasa. Common stocks 51,1 billion t. Carbons bituminous, coked (in an austral part - anthracites). Combustion heat of 17,3-32 MDZH/KG. A underground mining ok. 100 million t (kon. 1980th). The main{basic} centre-. Vitbank.

VITBERG Alexander Lavrentjevich (1787-1855), the Russian architect. The design of monument - band in honour of victory in Domestic war 1812 in Moscow (it is incorporated in 1817, is not carried out) in forms of an empire style; a pseudo-Gothic Aleksandro-Neva cathedral in Vyatka (1839-64, it was not saved).

VITBOJ (Witbooi) Hendrik (ok. 1840-1905), the chief (with 1888) anticolonial extirpation gottentotov (nama) in terrain Jugo-Zap. Africa (Namibia). In 1904 has again headed them in Nama and gerero revolt 1904-07. It is killed in fight.

VITVER Ivan Aleksandrovich (1891-1966), Russian ekonomikogeograf, the doctor of geographycal sciences. The professor (with 1935) the Moscow State University and the Moscow institute of international attitudes{relations}. The main{basic} transactionses under the theory of economic geography and historical geography, on countries Zap. Europe and Latin America. The writer of the tutorial on economic geography of foreign countries for high school (16 issuing with 1935). The state premium of the USSR (1951).

VITVORT (Uituort) (Whitworth) Joseph (1803-87), the English engineer and the industrialist. Has offered (1841) profile of a screw thread (thread Vitvorta). Has created the measuring machine of major accuracy (1851), has developed system of standardization of a thread and templets.