VOLIN (Wolin), city in Poland, on a like island in a mouth r. Odra. Has arisen in kon. 8 century, in 10-12 centuries - the trading - craft centre and a port, urban republic. Residues of strengthening, derevoljutsionnyh constructions and bridge.

The WOLF (the grey wolf), predatory mammalian sets wolf. Length of a body 105-160 see, a tail - up to 50 see. Colour of a wool is more often grey. Has been eurysynusic in a temperate zone of Boreal hemisphere, but in many places has vanished. Dwells{lives} in steppes it (is most numerous), tundra, woods, mountains. The strong, tireless and clever predator. Eats ungulate, rodents, hares, in summertime willingly eats birds and different fruits. Are kept one by one, pairs{vapours;couples} (will be derivated on all life) or family groups; are sometimes integrated in flights till 10-12 individuals. In a dung routinely 4-6 volchat. Hybrids with dogs - volkosobaki - cause essential damage to the hunting fauna. In the Red Data Book of the International union of nature protection and natural resources.

VOLKENSHTEJN Lyudmila Aleksandrovna (1857-1906), revolutionary narodnitsa. The participant of attempt at Kharkov governor D.N.Kropotkina. In 1884 it is sentenced to 15 years of penal servitude. The participant of Revolution 1905-07. Has perished in Vladivostok at shooting demonstrating.

WOLFS, a stem of carnivora of a set wolf. 7 kinds{views}: the wolf, a jackal, a coyote, the yellow wolf, a domestic dog, etc. In Eurasia, Africa, Center. To America, Greenland; in terrain of Russia 2 kinds{views} - the wolf and a jackal. 3 kinds{views} and 1 subspecies in the Red Data Book of the International union of nature protection and natural resources. Do-it-yourself stems (in each on 1 kind{view}) - red wolfs and guatas.

WOLFS Alexander Aleksandrovich (r. 1948), the Russian astronaut, a pilot - astronaut of the USSR (1985), the colonel, the Hero of Soviet Union (1985). Flights on "Soyuz T-14" and orbital station " Salute - 7 " (September - November 1985), on " Soyuz TM-7 " and an orbital complex "World" (November 1988 - April 1989), on " Soyuz TM-13 " and an orbital complex "World" (October 1991 - March 1992).

WOLFS Alexander Aleksandrovich (1905-65), the Russian designer of air automatic weapons. Together with S.A.Jartsevym has created in 1940 air pappus of templet of 23 mm with firing rate of 600 outrigger booms one the minute called "VJA" (an abbreviation from Wolfs and JArtsev). The state premium of the USSR (1942).

WOLFS Alexander Melentjevich (1891-1977), the Russian writer. On education mathematician. It is most known as the writer of a cycle of fantastic stories for children: " the Wizard of Emerald city " (1939, in the basis{fundamentals} - the book of American nursery writer F.Bauma " the Wise man from country the Eskar "), " Urfin Dzhjus and his{its} wooden soldiers " (1963), " Seven underground kings " (1964), " Igneous god Marranov " (1968), etc. Stories (" Two brothers ", 1950; " Adventures of two friends in country past ", 1963; " TSargradskaja the captive ", 1969) and novels ("Architects", 1954; "Wanderings", 1963, about Dzh. Bruno) on historical scenes. Books of popular scientific stories (" the Earth and the root ", 1957, etc.).

WOLFS Alexander Nikitovich (r. 1929), the Russian state and military figure, marshal of aircraft (1989). With 1948 in the Soviet Army, on command positions in air force. With 1979 commanding the Military-transport aviation, with 1986 deputy of the commander-in-chief of air force. In 1987-90 minister for the Civil aviation of the USSR.

WOLFS Alexander Nikolaevich (1886-1957), the Russian and Uzbek painter, the national artist of Uzbekistan (1946). Saturated colour decorative - inking cloths (" Granatovaja chajhana ", 1924), national characters ("Collective farmer", 1933).

WOLFS Boris Ivanovich (1900-70), the Russian theatrical artist, the national artist of the USSR (1965). Combined picturesque and volumetric decorations, introduced{uptook} lyrical landscapes (opera " Family Tarasa " Kabalevskogo at the Musical theatre him{it}. Stanislavsky and Nemirovich - Danchenko, 1951). The state premium of the USSR (1949, 1951, 1952).

WOLFS Valentine Viktorovich (1881-1964), the Byelorussian painter, the national artist of Belarus (1955). Theme compositions ("Vuzovtsy", 1947; " Minsk on July, 3-rd 1944 ", 1946-55).

WOLFS Vladislav Nikolaevich (1935-71), the Russian astronaut, a pilot - astronaut of the USSR (1969), doubly the Hero of Soviet Union (1969, 1971 - posthumously). Flights on "Soyuz - 7" (October 1969), "Soyuz - 11" and orbital station " Salute " (June 1971). Has perished at return to the Earth.

WOLFS Lion Ivanovich (r. 1930), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991). Transactionses on complex{integrated} mathematical modelling and an assessment{evaluation} of nonlinear dynamic systems of flying space and rocket-propelled apparatuses.

WOLFS Oleg Vasiljevich (1900-1996), the Russian writer. " Dipping in darkness " (1987; the State premium of the Russian Federation, 1991) - a documentary narration about tragical destinies of people - victims of Stalin reprisals. A theme of natural protection in stories, stories, publicism. The book " Each stone in her lives. From a history of the Moscow streets " (1985). Transfers{translations}.

WOLFS Feodor Grigorjevich (1729-63), the actor and the theatrical figure. In 1750 has organized in Yaroslavl amateur troupe (actors I.A.Dmitrevsky, J.D.Shumsky) on the basis of which in 1756 in Saint Petersburg the first permanent professional Russian public theatre has been built. Played A.P.Sumarokov tragedies.

VOLKOVYSK, city in Belarus, Grodno region, on r. It was grown. A railway junction. 42 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factory of the foundry equipment, etc.; a software of a building materials; a food-processing industry. A military - historical museum him{it}. P.I.Bagration. It is known from 13 century.

VOLKOGONOV Dmitry Antonovich (1928-1995), the Russian historian, the doctor of historical and philosophical sciences, the professor, the general - colonel (1986). With 1984 deputy chief of Main political steering the Soviet Army and a VTR. In 1988-91 chief of Institute of a military history of the Ministry of Defence of the USSR. With 1991 chairman of some commissions of government of the Russian Federation and the President of the Russian Federation. Transactionses on a history, philosophy, problems of policy.

VOLKONSKAJA Zinaida Aleksandrovna (1789-1862), princess, the Russian writer. Interior{cabin} Volkonskoj in Moscow in 1826-27 was visited by A.S.Pushkin. In 1829 has leaved for Italy. Verses, poems, stories in Russian, French, italian tongues.

VOLKONSKAJA Maria Nikolaevna (1805-63), princess, the daughter of general N.N.Raevskogo, the wife of decembrist S.G.Volkonsky, the friend A.S.Pushkin which devoted to her verses. In 1827 has followed the husband in Transbaikalia. The writer of "Notes".

VOLKONSKY Andrey Mihajlovich (r. 1933), the Russian composer. Acted as klavesinist both the organist. The organizer and the artistic administrator of band of arcaded music "Madrigal" (1964-73, Moscow). Chamber cantatas " the Suite of mirrors " (1960), " Petitions SHCHazy " (1964), compositions for a chamber orchestra, tool{instrument} band, a piano.