WATER INTAKE, channel, water reservoir or the hollow accepting and deflecting, collected{plucked} by a bilge arrangement from accumbent terrain. The term "water intake" use also for notation of hydrotechnical abstraction intakes.

The WATER-PIPE, see. Water supply.

WATER SYSTEM, set{combination} of water lines (pipe lines) for water delivery to places of consumption; one of basic elements of water handling.

VODOPJANOV Michael Vasilyevich (1899-1980), the Russian pilot, the Hero of Soviet Union (1934), the general - major of aircraft (1943). In 1934 participant of salvage of crew of motorship " ×åëþñêèí ", in 1937 - air expedition on an arctic pole. In Great Domestic war the commander of an air division.

WATERSHED, border{limit} on a surface of the Earth, dividing a drainage of a rainfall on two counterly directed downslopes. A ground water divide - the conditional line dividing torrents of underground waters, driving in miscellaneous directions.

The WATER-PARTITE SPACE, on plains - an interfluve which is not having a drainage in any river system or with a drainage, implementing slabovrezannymi verhovjami the rivers; in mountains - a central part of a crops, accumbent to a watershed.

HYDROGEN (an armour. Hydrogenium), N, a chemical element of VII group of a periodic system, atomic number 1, atomic weight 1,00794. In a nature there are two stable isotopes (protium and deuterium) and one radioactive (hyzone). The molecule is biatomic (Í2). Gas without colour and an odor; firmness 0,0899 g/l, têèï = 252,76 °S. It is bridged to many elements, with oxygen will derivate water. The most widespread element of cosmos; compounds{makes} (by the way plasma) more than 70 % of mass of the Sun and asters, a main body of gases of interstellar medium and fogs. On the Earth is part some water, living organisms, mineral coal, petroleum. Apply in manufacture of ammonia, muriatic acid, to oil hardening, etc., at a weldment and metal cutting. Is part some synthesis gas. It is long-range as combustible (see. Hydrogenous energetics).

HYDROGEN BOMB, the obsolete title of a nuclear bomb of a major destruction force, which action it is based on use of the power secreted at a synthetic reaction of light nucleus (see. Thermonuclear reactions). For the first time the hydrogen bomb has been tested in the USSR (1953).

The HYDROGENOUS ENERGETICS, actuates obtaining Í2 from water and other natural raw material with an expenditure of solar, nuclear or other power, his{its} storage and use as fuel, and also in chemical transmission modes of power. Main advantage: high combustion heat (143,06 MDZH/KG) as contrasted to hydrocarbon fuel (29,3 MDZH/KG); unlimited stocks of raw materials if in the capacity of raw material to consider water, and an ecological security, t. To. A product of his{its} combustion - water. The hydrogenous energetics yet has not received mass application. The main{basic} problems: development of economic productive instrumentation for obtaining Í2, napr., electrolytic cells, plasma generators; his{its} storage methods in the gaseous and liquefied conditions or by the way the synthesized connections, napr., hydrides of intermetallic compound; a transporting with small loss.

HYDROGEN-HELIUM CYCLE (proton - proton chain), chain of thermonuclear reactions of metamorphosis{transformation} of hydrogen in helium without sharing{participation} catalysts. A hydrogen-helium cycle - the main{basic} energy source of the majority of asters, including. The Suns.

The HYDROGEN ELECTRODE in the electrochemistry, routinely platinized plate which is submersed in a solution of an acid with fixed ion density N + and washed against by gaseous hydrogen. At pressure of hydrogen 0,1 ÌÏa and thermodynamic activity of his{its} ions, equal unit, the potential of the hydrogen electrode is conditionally adopted equal to zero. Such hydrogen electrode calls standard, he ministers a reference electrode from which read out potentials of other electrodes.

HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS, atom N and the ions consisting, as well as N, from a nucleus and one electron (napr., single-passly ionized Not, twofoldly ionized Li). To hydrogen-like atoms attribute also atoms and ions with one vysokovozbuzhdennym (ridbergovskim) an electron. Spectrums of hydrogen-like atoms are similar to spectrum N.

ALGAE, group of the lowest water plants routinely keeping chlorophyll and producing organic substances during a photosynthesis. A body algae - a thallome which is not having true roots, stalks and leaves, from lobes of micron up to 60 m. Noncellular, single-celled, multicellular, colonial organisms. Reproduction asexual, vegetative and sexual. Departments (or phylums) algae: green, brown, red, yellow-green, yellow-green, diatomic, etc. Ok. 30 thousand kinds{views}. Blue-green algae consider as blue-green algae more often and fall into drobjankam. Algae - the main{basic} producers of an organic substance in fresh water reservoirs and seas. Are part of a plankton and a benthos. Some are edible (napr., a sea staff, a porphyry), other - raw material for obtaining feed mass, an agar, a carragheen, an iodine, etc. (many of them - object of aquiculture). A number{series} of algae test{experience} as components of the biocomplexes, spacecrafts logging in life support. Some single-celled and algae in symbiosis with mushrooms will derivate lichens.

DRAINAGE BASIN (orlik, an aquilegia), a stem of perennial grasses of a set of a crowfoot family. Ok. 100 kinds{views}, in a moderate belt of Eurasia and America; including 27 kinds{views} - in Vost. Siberia, Compare. Asia, on Caucasus. Some - the decorative.

CATCHMENT AREA (a drainage basin, a storage basin), terrain from which surface and underground waters flow off{run down;drain} in a fixed water reservoir.

WATER ESCAPE (sluice-way structure), the hydrotechnical construction intended for reset{drop} of redundant (freshet) water from water reservoir, and also skips of water in a downstream pool. The water escape with the surface skip of water calls as a weir, with depth - a water outlet.

WATER-YOUNG PIGS (kapibary), a stem of rodents. Length of a body up to 1,3 m, mass up to 60 kg and more (largest of the modern rodents). 2 kinds{views}, in central part JUzh. America, on coasts of water reservoirs and on forest bogs. Well float. Object hunts (meat).