ARACAJU, city and port on north-east of Brazil, adm. ts. Pieces. Serzhipi. 288 thousand inhabitants (1980). An international airport. A sugar, textile, tanning industry. University.

ARAKAN (Rakhajn), range on a southwest of Myanma (Burma); in terrain Arakana in the first eyelids n. e. - 1785 there was a like state.

ARAKANSKIE MOUNTAINS (Rakhajn), on southwest Manjamy. Length ok. 800 kms, an altitude up to 3053 m (. Victoria). Parallel meridional hrebty with acute tops and abrupt downslopes. Evergreen (in the west) and deciduous (on the orient) woods.

ARAKELJAN Sedrak Arakelovich (1884-1942), the Armenian painter, the honored worker of arts of Armenia (1935). Lyrical landscapes and zhanrovopejzazhnye patterns.

ARAKAS Sadao (1877-1966), the Japanese political figure. In 1931-34 military minister, in 1938-39 minister for enlightenment. The ideologist of an expansionism and militarization of a country. In 1948 it is sentenced by International military tribunal in Tokyo to life imprisonment. It is free in 1955.

ARAKISHVILI (Arakchiev) Demetrios Ignatjevich (1873-1953), the Georgian composer, the musicologist, the national actor of Georgia (1929), academician AN of Georgia (1950). One of founders Georgian kompozitorskoj schools and the musical folkloristiki. The state premium of the USSR (1950).

ARAKS, the river in Transcaucasia (verhovja in Turkey, a lower reaches in Azerbaijan; on the considerable stretch across Araks pass borders{limits} of Armenia and Azerbaijan with Turkey and Iran), dextral in-leak{influx} of the Hen. 1072 kms, the area of basin of 102 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water 285 m3 / with. It is used for an irrigation. On Araks - the azerbajdzhano-Iranian hydroscheme.

ARALIA, stem of plants of a set aralievyh. Trees, bushes, high perennial grasses. Ok. 35 kinds{views}, in tropics and subtropics of Boreal hemisphere; in Russia 3-5 kinds{views}, on the Far East. An aralia manchurian - a drug plant (drugs from roots have tonic action). Many - ornamental plants. As an aralia call also an indoor plant of a stem fatsija.

ARAL-PAJGAMBAR, reservation in Uzbekistan, the Surkhan-Darya region. An island on Amu Darya (20 kms are lower than Termez). It is based in 1960. The area 3094 ga. Riparian forests of Central Asia from a poplar (turangi) and an elaeagnus; a tamarisk, a saxaul. A Bukhara deer, the cane cat, a wild boar, a jackal; the Tadjik pheasant; gjurza, etc.

ARALSOR.. 1) drainless bitter and salty an eskar. In Kazakhstan, on Prikaspijskoj nizm. 101 êì2. Salt-making process... 2) the Drainless bitter lake in Kazakhstan, on Uralo-Embinskom an interfluve. The area 72 êì2.

ARALSK, city (with 1938) in Kazakhstan, the Kyzyl-Orda region. A depot (Aral sea). 31,4 thousand inhabitants (1991). Combine " Àðàëñóëüôàò ", a clothing factory, etc.

ARAL PEST (Aral), drainless brine lake the pest in Uzbekistan (Kara-Kalpak) and Kazakhstan. To 1990 area has constituted 36,5 thousand êì2 (including t. n. Major the pest - 33,5 thousand êì2). Prevailing{dominating} depths 10 - 15 m, the greatest - 54,5 m. St. 300 islands (the largest - Barsakelmes and Revitalizations). With nach. 60th of 20 century a level of Aral sea hardly drop in connection with an intensive fence of waters of the running rivers on agricultural requiring: waters of Syr-Darya and, in separate years, Amu Darya do not reach up to starving. Aral sea - a zone of ecological disaster. There is a desertification of accumbent terrains, change of socio economic structure Priaralja.

ARAM (pastushkovyj a crane), a unique kind{view} of a like set of order zhuravleobraznyh. Length up to 65 see. Flies hardly, well runs. In America (from the south the USA up to Argentina) and on the Antilles islands.

ARAMEI (aramejtsy), semiticheskie nations, natives of Arabia. In 14-11 centuries up to n. e. Were settled across Forward{Front} Asia.

ARAMAIC TONGUES, group of Semitic tongues (dialects). The most ancient season{term} is submitted{shown} staroaramejskimi by inscriptions of 9-7 centuries up to n. e. Hereinafter branch on western and eastern dialect groups.

The ARAMAIC LETTER, kind{view} konsonantnogo the letter which have arisen in nach. 1-st thousand up to n. e. On the basis of the Phoenician letter for arameev. The most ancient monuments fall into 9-7 centuries up to n. e. To the aramaic letter ascend syrian, jewish square, Arabian, pehlevijskoe, the Uigur, Mongolian letter.

ARAMIL, city (with 1966) in the Russian Federation, Sverdlovsk region, on r. An Inet. A depot. 13,8 thousand inhabitants (1992). A woollen-goods factory, factory of plastics materials.

ARAMKO, see. The Arabsko-American petroleum company.

ARANAUSKAS Leonas Semenovich (r. 1921), the Russian architect. One of writers of site development of area New CHeremushek (1950-60-Ñ), the exhibition building on Red Presne (1973), a sport center "Olympic" (1980) - in Moscow. The lenin premium (1982).