BAGVALINSKY TONGUE, see in an item. The Dagestan tongues.

BAGDAD, capital of Iraq, administrative centre muhafazy bagdad. 3,8 million inhabitants (1987). A port on r. A tiger. An international airport. Oil refining, mild, etc. an industry. Universities. It is based in 762 as capital of the state Abbasidov. In 9-10 centuries the largest economic and cultural centre of the Near East. Since 17 century up to 1917 in structure of Ottoman empire. In 1917 it is occupied in the English troops. In 1920-21 administrative centre of the British mandated territory. In 1921-58 capital of a kingdom Iraq, from 1958 Republics Iraqs. Ò. n. Mausoleum Zubajdy (nach. 13 century), medrese Dustansirija (13 century), a gate of Skull crackers al-Vastani (13 century), mausoleum Musy al-Kadima (t. n. A golden mosque, 16 century), the Iraq museum, etc.

BAGDADI SHAUKI (r. 1928), the Arabian writer (Syria). The theme of protection of the person - in collections of verses " is More, than one heart " (1955), " For each love the story " (1956), " Between a cushion and a neck " (1977), the collection of stories " our quarter spits blood " (1954).

The BAGDAD RAILWAY, widespread{distributed} in nach. 20 century the title of a railway line (approximately 2400 kms), bridged Bosporus with Persian a hall. In 1903 concession on construction of road has been given by Turkey to Germany that has called intensifying contraventions between the large mandatory powers. Construction has been concluded in 1934-41 private{individual} English and French companies.

BAGDAD HALIFAT, the title meeting in the literature Arabian halifata (capital - bagdad) in the season{term} of board Abbasidov.

BAGDASAROV Hachik Saakovich (r. 1929), Russian fizikohimik, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991). The main{basic} transactionses on a physical chemistry of inorganic high-melting crystals, including for lasers. The state premium of the USSR (1972).

BAGDASARJAN Hristofor Stepanovich (r. 1908), Russian fizikohimik, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1981). Has developed the theory of influence of a structure of molecules on speed of radical processes. Has proved (1963) existence of double-quantum photochemical reactions.

BAGDATI (in 1940-90 Majakovsky), city (with 1981) in Georgia, on r. Hanistskali, in 19 kms from zh.-d. An item. Rioni. 5,6 thousand inhabitants (1991). Canning, vinodelchesky factories; furniture factory. Theatre. Rhodinum V.V.Majakovskogo (museum).

BAGIRMI (the self-title - barma-ge), people in Chad (530 thousand person, 1992) and Sudan (20 thousand person). Tongue bagirmi. On religion basically moslems - sunnity.

BAGIRMI TONGUE, tongue of people bagirmi. Falls into nilo-saharskim to tongues. Unwritten.

BAGIROV World Dzhafar Abbasovich (1896-1956), the political figure. With 1921 chairman of the Extraordinary Commission, GPU, narkom internal affairs, the chairman of Advice{Council} of National Commissioners Azerbadzhana (1921-33.) 1-st secretary of a Central Committee and Baku committee KP (á) Azerbaijan (1933-53). Accomplice L.P.Berii. Under the sentence of military board of the Supreme Court of the USSR rasstreljan.

BAGLAJ Marat Viktorovich (r. 1931), the Russian statesman, the lawyer, the expert in range of the constitutional law, doctor of juridical science. In 1967-77 on scientific activity in Institute of world working-class movement AN the USSR. In 1977-95 pro-rector of Academy of transactionses and social attitudes{relations}. With 1995 member of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation, with 1997 his{its} chairman.

BAGHLAN, city in Afghanistan, on a motorway Kabul - Hanabad, an administrative centre prov. Baghlan. 44,6 thousand inhabitants (1987). A sugar factory.

BAGLANOVA Rose - tree Tazhibaevna (r. 1922), the Kazakh singer (soprano), the national actress of the USSR (1967). With 1949 in the Kazakh philarmonic society, with 1960 in Kazahkontserte. In repertoir - national songs and songs of the modern composers.

BAGRAMJAN Ivan Hristoforovich (1897-1982), the Russian commander, Marshal of Soviet Union (1955), doubly the Hero of Soviet Union (1944, 1977). In Great Domestic war commanding army, with 1943 - a troops of 1-st Baltic and 3-rd Byelorussian fronts. In 1955-56 deputy minister of the defence of the USSR, in 1956-58 chief of Military academy of the General Staff. In 1958-68 deputy minister of the defence of the USSR - the chief of Back of Armed forces.

BAGRAMJAN Movses, the Armenian political figure 2-nd floor. 18 century Together I.Eminom struggled against an irano-turkish yoke. The writer of " the New book " on a history of Armenia.

BAGRAT III, the Georgian tsar (975-1014), has aggregated Zap. And large part Vost. Georgia, struggled with large feudal lords and Arabian conquerors.

BAGRATIDY (Bagratuni), an ancient Armenian aristocratic surname. An imperial dynasty in 886-1045. Are most known: Ashot I, Smbat I, Ashot II Iron, Ashot III Gracious, Gagik I.

BAGRATION Peter Ivanovich (1765-1812), prince, the Russian general from infanterii (1809). The participant of Italian and Swiss marchings A.V.Suvorova, wars with France, Sweden and Turkey (in 1809-10 commander-in-chief the Moldavian army). In Domestic war 1812 commander-in-chief 2-nd army, is lethally wounded in the Borodino battle.