BALANCHIVADZE Andrey Melitonovich (1906-92), the Georgian composer, the national actor of the USSR (1968), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1986). Son M.A.Balanchivadze. Opera " Ìçèÿ " (1950), ballets " Heart of mountains " (1936), "Mtsyri" (1964), etc. With 1953 (with a rest) the chairman, with 1973 honorary chairman of Soyuz of composers of Georgia. The professor of the Tbilisi conservatory (with 1942). The state premium of the USSR (1946, 1947).

BALANCHIVADZE Meliton Antonovich (1862/63-1937), the Georgian composer, the national actor of Georgia (1933). One of founders of the Georgian professional music. Opera " Tamara Kovarnaja " (1897; 3-n edition under the title " Daredzhan Artful ", 1936), the first Georgian romances, etc.

BALANCHIN (Balanchine) George (an ice-film. A name and fam. George Melitonovich Balanchivadze) (1904-83), the American ballet master. Son M.A.Balanchivadze. In 1921-24 at the Academic theatre of opera and ballet in Petrograd. With 1924 abroad. The organizer and the chief of " School of the American ballet " (1934) and on its basis of troupe " the American ballet " (with 1948 " the New York urban ballet ").

BALASAGUNI JUsuf (ok. 1021-?), the Central Asian poet and the thinker. In a poem " the Knowledge producing happiness " in the allegorical form has stated philosophical, ethical and polittcheskie views.

BALASANJAN Sergey Artemjevich (1902-82), the Russian and Tadjik composer, the national actor of Tadjikistan (1957), the national actor of Russia (1978). One of founders of the Tadjik musical theatre. Opera " Revolt Vose " (1939), ballet " Lejli and Medzhnun " (1947; 3-n edition 1964), etc. The Professor of the Moscow conservatory (with 1965). The state premium of the USSR (1949).

BALASOGLO Alexander Panteleevich (1813-93), the Russian democrat - educator, petrashevets, the poet, the publicist. Attempted to organize the issuing of cheap books for people. In 1849-57 under secret supervision in Petrozavodsk and Nikolaev.

BALATA, kozhepodobnyj a product of a coagualation of a latex of a tropical tree a balata. On structure, properties and application the balata is analogous to gutta-percha; more soft her, t. To. Contains more natural resins.

BALATON (Balaton), lake in Hungary. 596 êì2, length of 78 kms, depth up to 11 m. A drainage to Danube on r. SHio. Fishery. Navigation. A shore of Balaton - the considerable resort area. On Balaton - cities Kesthej, SHiofok. Landscape reserve Tihan, wildlife reserve Kishbalaton.

BALATONSKAJA the OPERATION, 6-15.3.1945, during Great Domestic war. The Soviet troops of 3-rd Ukrainian front (Marshal of Soviet Union F.I.Tolbuhin) have reflected an eskar in area. Balaton (Hungary) the counteroffensive of german 6-th army and 6-th tank army SS also have plotted him a severe injury, having thwarted the plan of the opponent to leave to Danube and to reduce the defence on his western coast.

BALATONFJURED (Balatonfured), balneoklimatichesky a health resort in Hungary, on coast an eskar. Balaton, to a southwest from Budapest.

BALAKHNA, city in the Russian Federation, the Nizhniy Novgorod region, landing stage on r. Volga (CHeboksarskoe vdhr.). A depot. 31 thousand inhabitants (1992.) state district power stations. TSelljulozno-cardboard combine. A study of local lore museum. It is based in 1474. Bliz Balakhna - Balahninsky pulp and paper combine.

BALAHNINSKAJA CROP (in archeology), epoch of a neolith (kon. 4-th - 3 thousand up to n. e.) in Compare. The Volga region. It is called on parking for Balakhna. Settlements from 3-4 poluzemljanok with cellars and economic holes. Stone instruments, ceramics. An economy: a hunt, fishery.

BALASHIKHA, city (with 1939) in the Russian Federation, the Moscow region. A depot. 137,6 thousand inhabitants (1992). A machine industry, a chemical industry; a cotton-spinning mill (with 1830).

BALASHOV, city (with 1780) in the Russian Federation, the Saratov region, on r. Khoper. A railway junction. 97,6 thousand inhabitants (1992). Factory of automotive trailers, mica combine; mild, a food-processing industry. Pedagogical institute. A study of local lore museum. Theatre.

BALASHOV Dmitry Mihajlovich (r. 1927), the Russian writer, the specialist in folklore. A historical multivolume epopee " Sovereigns Moscow ": " the Junior son " (1975), " the Great table " (1979), " Burden of an authority " (1981), " Simeon Proud " (1983), " the Wind of time " (1987), "Abdication" (kn. 1-2, 1988-89) - about a becoming of Russian nation with its foundations (family, a community, an orthodox church, edinoderzhavie). Self-motion of characters is agreed to an accuracy to the annalistic fact. The concept of historical variability rests on freedom of moral selection.

BALASHOV Nikolay Ivanovich (r. 1919), the Russian literary critic, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1992). The main transactionses under the Western-European literature, a comparative study of slavonic literatures, an aesthetics, theories of the literature.

BALASHOV Jury Sergeevich (r. 1931), the Russian parasitologist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1994). The main transactionses on structural botany, physiologies, ecology iksodovyh mites, to problems of specificity of blood-sucking arthropods.

BALASHOVA Tamara Vladimirovna (r. 1930), the Russian literary critic, the Doctor of Philology (1982). The main orb of interests - a history of the French literature of 20 century. Books: " Creativity of Aragon. To a problem of realism of XX century " (1982), " the French novel of 60 years " (1982), " Activity of realism. Literary and art controversies in the West " (1982), " the French poetry of XX eyelid " (1982), " Erve Bazen and ways of the French psychologic novel " (1987).

BALAJAN Roman Gurgenovich (r. 1941), the Russian film director. Films: "Unsociable person" (1978), " Flights in dream and in reality " (1983), " Keep me, wash talisman " (1987), "Filler" (1988), " Lady Makbet Mtsenskogo of district " (1989).