BALASOGLO Alexander Panteleevich (1813-93), the Russian democrat - educator, petrashevets, the poet, the publicist. Attempted to organize the issuing of cheap books for people. In 1849-57 under secret supervision in Petrozavodsk and Nikolaev.

BALATA, kozhepodobnyj a product of a coagualation of a latex of a tropical tree a balata. On structure, properties and application the balata is analogous to gutta-percha; more soft her{it}, t. To. Contains more natural resins.

BALATON (Balaton), lake in Hungary. 596 êì2, length of 78 kms, depth up to 11 m. A drainage to Danube on r. SHio. Fishery. Navigation. A shore of Balaton - the considerable resort area. On Balaton - cities Kesthej, SHiofok. Landscape reserve Tihan, wildlife reserve Kishbalaton.

BALATONSKAJA the OPERATION, 6-15.3.1945, during Great Domestic war. The Soviet troops of 3-rd Ukrainian front (Marshal of Soviet Union F.I.Tolbuhin) have reflected an eskar in area. Balaton (Hungary) the counteroffensive of german 6-th army and 6-th tank army SS also have plotted him{it} a severe injury, having thwarted the plan of the opponent to leave to Danube and to reduce the defence on his{its} western coast.

BALATONFJURED (Balatonfured), balneoklimatichesky a health resort in Hungary, on coast an eskar. Balaton, to a southwest from Budapest.

BALAKHNA, city in the Russian Federation, the Nizhniy Novgorod region, landing stage on r. Volga (CHeboksarskoe vdhr.). A depot. 31 thousand inhabitants (1992.) state district power stations. TSelljulozno-cardboard combine. A study of local lore museum. It is based in 1474. Bliz Balakhna - Balahninsky pulp and paper combine.

BALAHNINSKAJA CROP (in archeology), epoch of a neolith (kon. 4-th - 3 thousand up to n. e.) in Compare. The Volga region. It is called on parking for Balakhna. Settlements from 3-4 poluzemljanok with cellars and economic holes. Stone instruments, ceramics. An economy: a hunt, fishery.

BALASHIKHA, city (with 1939) in the Russian Federation, the Moscow region. A depot. 137,6 thousand inhabitants (1992). A machine industry, a chemical industry; a cotton-spinning mill (with 1830).

BALASHOV, city (with 1780) in the Russian Federation, the Saratov region, on r. Khoper. A railway junction. 97,6 thousand inhabitants (1992). Factory of automotive trailers, mica combine; mild, a food-processing industry. Pedagogical institute. A study of local lore museum. Theatre.

BALASHOV Dmitry Mihajlovich (r. 1927), the Russian writer, the specialist in folklore. A historical multivolume epopee " Sovereigns Moscow ": " the Junior son " (1975), " the Great table " (1979), " Burden of an authority " (1981), " Simeon Proud " (1983), " the Wind of time " (1987), "Abdication" (kn. 1-2, 1988-89) - about a becoming of Russian nation with its{her} foundations (family, a community, an orthodox church, edinoderzhavie). Self-motion of characters is agreed to an accuracy to the annalistic fact. The concept of historical variability rests on freedom of moral selection.

BALASHOV Nikolay Ivanovich (r. 1919), the Russian literary critic, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1992). The main{basic} transactionses under the Western-European literature, a comparative study of slavonic literatures, an aesthetics, theories of the literature.

BALASHOV Jury Sergeevich (r. 1931), the Russian parasitologist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1994). The main{basic} transactionses on structural botany, physiologies, ecology iksodovyh mites, to problems of specificity of blood-sucking arthropods.

BALASHOVA Tamara Vladimirovna (r. 1930), the Russian literary critic, the Doctor of Philology (1982). The main{basic} orb of interests - a history of the French literature of 20 century. Books: " Creativity of Aragon. To a problem of realism of XX century " (1982), " the French novel of 60 years " (1982), " Activity of realism. Literary and art controversies in the West " (1982), " the French poetry of XX eyelid " (1982), " Erve Bazen and ways of the French psychologic novel " (1987).

BALAJAN Roman Gurgenovich (r. 1941), the Russian film director. Films: "Unsociable person" (1978), " Flights in dream and in reality " (1983), " Keep me, wash talisman " (1987), "Filler" (1988), " Lady Makbet Mtsenskogo of district " (1989).

BALVI (Balvi), city (with 1928) in Latvia, on r. Balupe, in 6 kms from zh.-d. An item. Balvi. 9,6 thousand inhabitants (1991). Alimentary and a light industry. It is known with 1224.

BALDANO Namzhil Garmaevich (1907-84), the Buryat writer, the national writer of Buryatiya (1973), the playwright, the national actor of Buryatiya (1938). Plays "Outbreak" (1932), " Two friends " (1938), "Bajangol" (1947). Has constituted the summary text of epos "Geser" (it is issued in 1959).

BALDAHIN (a nem. Baldachin), an ornate ceremonial canopy above a throne, a ceremonial bed, a church altar (originally the cloth, later stone, wooden, metal). In Russian art of building it is known from 11 century (sen, a ciborium).

BALDIN Alexander Mihajlovich (r. 1926), Russian physics, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1981). The main{basic} transactionses on nuclear physics and fundamental particles (primarily to their electromagnetic interactions) and to boosters. The lenin premium (1988), the State premium of the USSR (1973).

BALDONE (Baldone), a urban settlement in Latvia, in 33 kms from Riga. 2,3 thousand inhabitants (1991). A balneal and muddy health resort.