BALCHJUNAS (Balciunas) Vitautas - Kazimeras (1924-78), the Lithuanian architect, the deserved architect of Lithuania (1974). Sanatoria in Druskininkae (1966-68, 1970-73), inhabited r-n Lazdinaj in Vilnius (1965-66, 1969-73, with co-authors). The lenin premium (1974).

BAM, see. A Baikal-Amur main.

BAMAKO (Bamako), capital (with 1960) Republics Malis, on r. Niger. 646 thousand inhabitants (1987). A traffic centre. An international airport. Mild, flavoring, etc. an industry. Handicraft industries (weaving, a wood carving, an ivory). To 1882 Bamakos, at that time small settlement, the French troops occupied. In 1920-58 administrative centre of the French Sudan, in 1958-60 - independent Sudanese Republic. 2 museums. Bliz Bamako - a mosque of 14 century.

BAMANA (bambara), tongue of group mande, is distributed in Mali and in adjacent terrains. Tongue of interethnic dialogue in Mali. Writing on the basis of the latin alphabet.

BAMBOCHCHATA (Bambocciata), non-proprietary name of painting of some Netherlands and Flemish artists working in Rome in 1-st floor. 17 century and assorted all over again around of Peter van Lara (Bambochcho), then including in Bent. Artists bambochchaty wrote basically small patterns with small figures, amusing stsenkami from life of simple people. In Italy and on Rhodinum bambochchatu criticized as a low genre.

BAMBOCHCHO (Bamboccio) (ital. The alive kid, karapuz, poprygunchik), a nickname of Netherlands artist Peter van Lara (1592/95-1642) in Bente. From here - bambochchata.

BAMBOOS (bamboo), a subfamily of cereals (it is secreted sometimes in a separate set). A stalk - the sclerotic straw, an altitude up to 40 m, a dia up to 30 see 600 kinds (ok. 50 stems), primarily in tropics and subtropics, including some wild views on Kuril islands and Sakhalin; ok. 20 kinds are cultivated on Black Sea a shore. Many bamboos blossom time in life and after a fruit brearing perish. Light strong stalks go on construction and manufacturing of furniture.

GIANT PANDA (major panda), mammalian sets enotovyh. Length of a body up to 1,8 m, a tail ok. 12 see. In mountain forests of China. Eats primarily draws of a bamboo. It is rare, declared in China by national treasure. In a captivity it is multiplied hardly. In the Red Data Book of the International union of nature protection and natural resources.

BAMILEKE, people in Cameroon. 2,3 million person (1992). Tongue bamileko. Save traditional convictions, a part - moslems - sunnity.

BAN.. 1) in Croatia since 10 century up to 1921 viceroy of king; the chapter of armed forces... 2) In Bosnia 12-14 centuries sovereign... 3) In Yugoslavia in 1931-1941 governor of each of 9 ranges (banovin), in 1939-41 chapter of independent Croatia.

BAN (Ban) Fridjesh (1902-69), the Hungarian film director. Films: " the Hand of ground " (1948), "Zemmelvejs" (1952), "Lieutenant Rakotsi" (1953), " Poor richmen " (1959), "Counterfeiter" (1964), " Rotten water " (1966), etc.

BANA, the Georgian temple of 7 century (nowadays in terrain of Turkey), was saved in ruins. A circular multistage temple (tetrakonh), decorated on a front arkaturoj.

BANABA (Oshen) (Banaba, Ocean), an atoll in the west Quiet ok. In structure of the state Kiribati. Ok. 6 m2. The deposit of phosphorites, to 1980 is completely produced; the island has become sterile desert.

BANALITIES (frants. banalite, from banal, initial value - inhering to the seigneur), in Zap. To Europe feudal sole rights of the seigneur on any property of public value (napr., a mill), for forced use which he levied requisitions from peasants.

BANALITY (from frants. banal - sample), mediocrity, profanity; for a long time known, hackneyed expression.

BANANA, stem of perennial grasses of a set of a banana family. St. 40 kinds, in tropics and subtropics of Asia and Australia; in crop - basically in Latin America. In a compound fruit up to 300 fruits (up to 60 kg). In a pulp of alimentary fruits ok. 16 % of Saccharum. Are used in I peep and for the technical purposes; ornamental plants.

BANAT (Banat), historical range in southeast Europe, between Transilvanskimi the Alpes on the orient, the rivers of the Yew in the west, Muresh in a north, Danube in the south. In 10-11 centuries. Banat - feudal possession. From 12 century under an authority of the Hungarian kingdom, to 16 century it is conquered by Ottoman empire, in 1718 has transfered to Gabsburgam. On Trianonskomu to the peace treaty 1920 it separate between Romania and Yugoslavia. The western part of Banat is part of Serbia, eastern - in structure of Romania.

BANAH (Banach) the Stefan (1892-1945), Polish mathematician. One of creators of the modern functional analysis.

BANAHEVICH (Banachiewicz) Tadeush (1882-1954), the Polish astronomer, the geodesist and mathematician. Transactionses on a gravitational astronomy. Has created (1925) and has advanced t. n. "krakovianskoe" calculation - version of the theory of templates. Has put in pawn a fundamentals of an orbicular survey traverse. For the first time has executed cinema filming solar eclipses.