BARNARD (Barnard) Christian (r. 1922), juzhnoafrikansky the surgeon. For the first time has made replanting (1967) and a place (1974) hearts ill. In the co-authorship from Z.Standerom has published the antiracist novel " Undesirable elements " (1974).

BARNARD Edward Emerson (1857-1923), the American astronomer. Has received numerous snapshots a Milky Way, galaxies and sidereal clumps. Probeed dark nebulosity. The guide of Jove Amalteju (1892), some comets has discovered.

BARNAUL, city (with 1771), in the Russian Federation, the centre Altay kr., landing stage on r. Ob. A railway junction. 606 thousand inhabitants (1992). A machine industry (factories: motor, boiler, mechanical presses, a transport machine industry, etc.), chemical, mild (cotton, blend combines), a food-processing industry. 6 high schools (including. The Altay university). 4 theatres. A museum graphic and an applied art. It is based in 1730.

BARNET Boris Vasiljevich (1902-65), the Russian film director, the honored artist of Russia (1935). Skilful combination of lyrics, buffoonery, elements satyrs gives special colour to films: " the Girl with a box " (1927), "Surburb" (1933), " Exploit of the scout " (1947), "Optional stop" (1963), etc. The State premium of the USSR (1948).

BARNETT (Barnett) Semjuel Jackson (1873-1956), American physics. In 1909 has discovered the effect called as his{its} name. Activities on study of the electrical and magnetic phenomena, gyromagnetic effect, a geomagnetism.

BARNETTA the EFFECT, rotation of a ferromagnetic sample increases his{its} magnetization lengthwise axis rotations. S.Barnettom (1909) is open{discovered}. Indicates communication{connection} of nuclear magnetic moments with mechanical moments. The boomerang effect calls the Einstein - de Haaza as effect.

BARNOVI (Barnaveli) Vasily Zaharjevich (1856-1934), the Georgian writer. Historical novels " Dawn Isani " (1901), " Great Mouravi " (1925), " Fall Armazi " (1926), "Revenge" (it is published in 1938). Realistic stories and sketches about the modern Georgia.

BARNS (Barnes) Dzhulian (r. 1946), the English prose writer. Novels " Flaubert Parrot " (1985), " the History of the world in 10 and a half chapters " (1989), "Porcupine" (1992).

BARODA, see. Baroda.

ALTITUDE CHAMBER (from grech. baros - gravity and the chamber), the sealed chamber in which there is the under (altitude chamber) or heightened (copression chamber) an air pressure. It is used for different experiments in aircraft, astronautics, in medicine; for test air and weather instruments, etc.

BAROMETER (from grech. baros - gravity and... Meter), a gauge meter of an atmospheric pressure. In a mercurial (liquid) barometer the atmospheric pressure is measured on an altitude of a mercury column in soldered from above to the tube lowered{omitted} by the open extremity in a vessel with mercury. Mercurial barometers - most precision instruments, are equipped with them meteorological stations and on nymas activity of other kinds{views} of aneroids and a hypsothermometer is checked.

The BAROMETRIC HIGHT FORMULA, determines relation of an atmospheric pressure to an altitude. It is used, napr., for graduation of altimeters, in barometric a levelling procedure, at construction of a standard atmosphere.

PRESSURE OBSERVATION, method of approximated definition of an altitude difference between 2 points on values of an atmospheric pressure in these points.

BARON (from sr .-eyelid.s of an armour. baro, a stem. Item baronis), in Zap. To Europe in Middle Ages the direct vassal of king, later a nobiliary title (in Russia it is entered by Peter I for the maximum Baltic nobility of a german origin).

BARON BRAMBEUS, see Senkovsky About.

BARON MJUNHGAUZEN, see. Mjunhgauzen.

BARONET (English baronet), a hereditary nobiliary title in England.

BARONY (Baronius) Caesar (1538-1607), the roman catholic church historian, the member of a monastic Roman congregation oratoriantsev, a cardinal bird. The writer of " the Church annals " (t. 1-12, 1588-1607) - a monumental history of Christian church (envelops twelve centuries n. e.), the Protestant 13-languid tserkovno-historical compilation written in a balance weight " Magdebourg tsenturii ".