BASKAK (turki)., the representative of the Mongolian khan to the conquered grounds (in Russia in 2-nd floor. 13 - nach. 14 centuries), monitored local authorities.

BASKERVILL (Baskerville) John (1706-1775), the English eight-toothed engraver beetle and the publisher. The creator of fonts of the new style wearing his{its} name (many are applied nowadays).

BASKETBALL (from English basket - a basket and ball - a ball), sporting command ball game which bombard arms{hand} in a ring with a grid (t. n. A basket), reinforced on a board at the altitude 3,05 m. Rhodinum of basketball - the USA (1891). In International federation of basketball (FIBA; it is based in 1932) 177 countries (1991). In the program of Olympic Games with 1936; world championships with 1950, Europe with 1935.

BASQUES (the self-title - euskaldunak), people in Spain (950 thousand person) and France (140 thousand person). Live also in countries of Latin America. An aggregate number 1,25 million person (1992). Tongue basque. Believers - roman catholics.

BASQUES COUNTRY (Baskonija, Euskadi) (isp. Vascongadas), independent{autonomous} historical range in a north of Spain, for Biskajskogo a hall. 7,3 thousand êì2. The population 2,1 million person (1992), predominary Basques. Main city - Vitoria. Actuates provinces: Alava, Biskajja, Gipuskoa. In 1 century up to n. e. - it is grey. 5 century n. e. The terrain colonized with Basques, is nominally subject to Rome. In the season{term} of domination vestgotov, arabs on Pirenejskom p-ove the large part of terrain of Basques remained independent; was bulwark Rekonkisty. In 11-15 centuries of the state of Basques - under authority Navarry, Castile; in kon. 15 - nach. 16 centuries were part of the unified spanish state, saving up to 1876 some autonomy. After victory of the Popular front in 1936 the independent{autonomous} area called as Basque Provinces has been built. With fall of republic in 1939 Basques Country denuded self-management. According to the constitution of 1978 Basques Country has received all over again temporary, since January 1980 stationary value an autonomy.

BASQUE TONGUE, tongue of Basques. The official language (alongside with spanish) Basque Provinces. In genealogical gradings it is considered as isolated tongue. The hypothesis about communication{connection} of basque tongue with the Caucasian tongues is distributed. Writing on the basis of the latin alphabet.

BASKUNCHAK, salinous self-charge lake in the Astrakhan region, to the orient from Volga, bliz mountains Major Bogdo. 106 êì2. Salt-making process.

BASMA (bajsa, pajtsza), 1) a plate given by mongolo-tatar khans in 13-15 centuries as the letter of credence... 2) Thin plates of metal (mostly silver) with textured patterns. Basmennoe stamping has been distributed in Russia in 13-17 centuries.

BASMA, powder from leaves indigofery. It is applied together with a henna to colour of a hair in black colour.

BASMANOVY, Russian boyars and voevody 15-17 centuries from stem Ïëåùååâûõ:.. 1) Alexey Danilovich (?-1570), one of inspirers oprichniny. It was distinguished in the Kazan marchings, Livonskoj to war, extirpation with the Crimean tartars. It is killed under the order of Ivan Terrible by the natural son... 2) Peter Fedorovich (?-1606), the grandson previous, approximated Boris Godunova, commanding Russian troops. In 1605 has come over to on party Lzhedmitrija I, has become his{its} close confidant, it is killed together with nymas.

BASMACHESTVO (from the turki. basmak - to commit a bloom), after October revolution armed motion, directed against the Soviet authority in Compare. Asia. The main{basic} forces basmachestva are routed by Red Army in 1922, separate orders are finally liquidated in 1933.

BASNER Veniamin Efimovich (r. 1925), the Russian composer, the national actor of Russia (1982). Ballet, 4 operettas, vokalno-symphonic products{creations}; music to films (over 40, including "Blockage", 1979), songs " At an anonymous altitude " ("Tishin" film, 1964), " From what starts Rhodinum " (film " the Board and a sword ", 1968).

FABLE, short, quite often comic story in verses or prose, with the direct intellectual breeding attaching to the story allegorical sense. Characters animal, plants, things routinely act. Many scenes go back to Ezopu, to indian collection "Panchatantra". Bright national originality in basnjah Z.Lafontena, G.E.Lessing, I.A.Krylov.

BASS Vasily Aleksandrovich (1812-79), the Russian surgeon. For the first time has made imposing{superposition} of a fistula on a stomach of a dog (1842).

BASS Vladimir Pavlovich (1923-87), the Russian film director and the actor, the national actor of the USSR (1983). Has delivered films: " the First pleasures " (1956), " Battle underway " (1961), "Tishin" (1964), " the Board and a sword " (1968), etc. Played the films and films of other producers.

BASS Nikolay Gennadievich (r. 1922), Russian physics, one of founders of a quantum electronics, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1966), doubly the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1969, 1982). Has created (together with A.M.Prohorovym) the first quantum generator - a maser. Transactionses on semiconductor lasers, theories of high-power pulses of solid-state lasers, to quantum standards of frequency, interaction of potent laser light with substance. The chairman of board of the All-Union society "Knowledge" in 1978-90. The lenin premium (1959), the State premium of the USSR (1989), the Nobel Prize (1964, together with Prochoral and C.Taunsom). A golden medal him{it}. Lomonosov AN the USSR (1990).

BASON (from frants. passement - a galloon, a braid{tape}), the textiles intended basically for a dressing: paintbrushes, a braid{tape}, a fringe, laces, etc. Bason with a fine end from non-ferrous alloys calls as a galloon.

BASRA, city in a southeast of Iraq, seaport on r. Shatt al Arab. 617 thousand inhabitants (1985). An international airport. Center of production and petroleum refining. The chemical, textile enterprises. University. Ruins of aged Basra (it is based in 630th).

BASS the CHANNEL (Bass Strait), between Australia and about. Tasmania, bridges Tasmanovo m. with Indian ok. Length of 490 kms, the least width of 213 kms, depth up to 51 m. the Port Melbourne.