BATSARA-BABANEURSKY RESERVATION, see. Ahmetsky reservation.

BATSBIJSKY TONGUE, see. Nahskie tongues.

BACILLUS (from an armour. bacillum - a bacillus), rhabdoid bacteria. In fine-bored sense of a bacillus - a stem of the Gram-positive rhabdoid bacteria which are generatrix intracellular spores. The majority of bacillus - saprophytes. Some bacillus invoke diseases animal and the person, napr. A Siberian plague, a tetanus.

BACHER (Buher) (Bucher) Uolter Herman (1888-1965), the American geologist. The writer of the pulsation hypothesis reputing alternation a history of the Earth of the overall seasons of squeeze and a stretching.

BACHINSKY Kshishtof Kamil (1921-44), the Polish poet. Has perished in fight during the Warsaw revolt 1944. Books of lyrics " Immured by an echo ", " Two loves " (both 1940), " Selected verses " (1942, in a underground, a baking plate psevd. JAn the Bull). The inheritance published completely only in 1960th, has rendered major influence on Polish poetry, having made a mode of the writer legendary.

BACHICHCHA (Baciccia), a nickname of italian painter Giovanni Battista Gaulli (1639-1709).

BACHO (Baczo) Peter (r. 1928), the Hungarian continuity writer and the producer. The analytical view on a real combines for Bacho with skilful use of popular genres of a comedy (" Boiled water on a bald head ", 1972), a musical (" Ardent girls ", 1974), a detective (" the Swede missing without a message ", 1981), etc.

TOWER CRANE, the luffing crane used primarily in construction and having a high tower, swinging boom and hoisting winch. Are fixed and movable. The tower of a movable crane rests on leading wheel or caterpillar carriages which move on a railway or by the ground. Carrying capacity of movable tower cranes up to 100 t, fixed up to 400 t, a lifting height up to 150 m, a flying out of a boom up to 50 m.

BASHILOV Ivan Jakovlevich (1892-1953), the Russian chemist - technologist and a metallurgist. Transactionses on chemistry and a chemical technology of rare metals. One of organizers of building first in the USSR radium factory, has received (1921, together with V.G.Hlopinym) the first domestic radium preparations. Has developed technology of a refining of platinum. The state premium of the USSR (1948).

BASHILOV Seeds Sergeevich (1741-70), the Russian historian, arheograf. About 1765 translator Petersburg AN. The participant of issuing Nikonovskoj of the annals, the Litigant 1550, etc.

BASHINDZHAGJAN Gevork Zaharovich (1857-1925), the Armenian painter. Kinds of Caucasus proniknuty epicheskim feeling of a nature (" Alazanskaja a valley ", 1902; "Ararat", 1912).

BASHIROV Gumer Bashirovich (r. 1901), the tatar writer. Roman "Honour" (1948) about the tatar collective farm within Great Domestic war; the novel about a modernity of " Seven keys Altynbike " (kn. 1-2, 1977-78, in Russian transfer - " Seven springs "); the autobiographical story " the Darling edge - green washing a cradle " (1967). The state premium of the USSR (1951).

BASHKADYKLAR (Bashgedikler) (Basgedikler), settlement in Turkey, to the east of Kars. During the Crimean war 1853-56 at Bashkadyklar Russian troops of general V.O.Bebutova 19.11.1853 have divided a turkish troops receding to Kars and have paid them in escape behavior.

BASHKIN Matvej Semenovich, the Russian freethinker is grey. 16 century, the clerk. Has acted against official church, ikonopochitanija, and also holopstva. It is convicted by a church cathedral 1553 as the heretic, it is ground in Volokolamsky a monastery.

BASHKIRIA (Bashkortostan), Republic Bashkortostan, in the Russian Federation. 143,6 thousand êì2. The population of 4008 thousand person (1992), urban 65 %; Bashkirs (864 thousand person; 1989, census), Russian, tartars, etc. 54 areas, 17 cities, 45 urban settlements (1991). Capital - Ufa. A western part of Bashkiria flat, eastern - mountainous (Ural). A climate continental. Mean temperatures of January from-14 up to-17 °C, July - 16-20 °C. A rainfall of 300-600 mm annually. The main rivers - White, Ufa. With a wood it is coated more than 40 % of terrain. In Bashkiria - the Bashkir reservation. The first mentions of Bashkirs fall into 9-10 centuries. In 13 century the terrain of Bashkiria is seized by mongolo-tartars. In 1557 Bashkirs have voluntarily was naturalized Russian citizenship. National - krepostnichesky a press the Bashkir in Country war 1773-75 has called the Bashkir revolts of 17-18 centuries, sharing. In 1917 the Soviet authority is established. In 1918 under an authority of the White Guard Ufa directory. On March, 23 1919 it is derivated Bashkir Independent SSR in structure of RSFSR. In February 1992 the new title - Republic Bashkortostan is accepted. Oil producing, oil refining and a petrochemical industry, a machine industry (petroinstrumentation, chemical processing equipment, rigs, motors, the electrical engineer) and metal working, iron and steel industry, manufacture of a building materials, wood-working, mild, a food-processing industry. A coal mining, iron and copper-zinc ores, etc. Bashkiria - a large farming area. Crops grain (wheat, rozh, an oat, barley), technical crops (sugar-beet, sunflower). A potato growing, a vegetable raising, a fruit growing. A dairy - beef cattle husbandry and a meat - wool production. A poultry breeding. Beekeeping. The network of pipe lines is built: Tuimazy - Ufa, Ishimbay - Ufa, etc. Navigation on rr. White and Ufa.

BASHKIRS Andrey Nikolaevich (1903-82), the Russian chemist - technologist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1958). Transactionses on petrochemical processing, chemistry and a fuel engineering.

BASHKIRO-MESHCHERJAKSKOE ARMY, in Russia in 1798-1865, in terrain Orenburg, Samara and Vjatskoj lips., for phylum of the Cossack troops.

The BASHKIR RESERVATION, in Bashkiria, in a bend r. White. It is based in 1930. The area 49609 ga. 2 isolated plots: Uzjansky (2 parts - Uraltau and JUzh. A crack) and Pribelsky. Sosnovo-broad-leaved and sosnovo-birch forests. Places developed dry steppes with a feather grass. The moose, a brown bear, a maral, a roe deer, a lag bolt, etc. The bee Is studied and gets divorced feral Bashkir bortevaja. Kapova a cave.