BAURU (Bauru), city in a southeast of Brazil. 221 thousand inhabitants (1985). Alimentary, textile, a chemical industry.

BAUSKA (Bauska), city (with 1609) in Latvia, for interflow rr. Musa and Memele, in 26 kms from zh.-d. An item. Ietsava. 11,9 thousand inhabitants (1991). An alimentary and textile industry. Study of local lore and art museums. It is known with 1443.

BAUTS (Bouts) (Bouts) Dirk (ok. 1415-75), the Netherlands painter. Kept traditions Rogira van der Vejdena. Combined conditionality of Gothic art with a vitality of component parts, survey accuracy (an altar " Ordinance of a sacrament ", 1464-67).

"BAUHAUZ" (Bauhaus), the higher school of construction and art designing, is based in 1919 in Weimar (Germany), in 1925 is transferbed in Dessau, in 1933 is abolished by fascists. Chiefs (V.Gropius, H.Mejer, L.Mis van der the Roe) developed an aesthetics funktsionalizma, principles of the modern morphogenesis in the architecture and design, formations of financially - household medium by a means of plastic arts.

BAUTSEN (Bautzen) (Bautzen; luzhitskoe - Budishin), city in a southeast of Germany, ground Saxony, on r. SHpre. 52 thousand inhabitants (1988). A machine industry. Center of national crop luzhichan (sorbov). Institute sorbistiki. Clasp Ortenburg (15 century).

BAUTSENSKOE BATTLE, 8-9.5.1813, for. Bautsen during oversea marchings of Russian army 1813-14. The French army of Napoleon I has defeated a russko-Prussian troops under a command of Russian general P.H.Vitgenstein.

BAUER (Bauer) Bruno (1809-82), the german philosopher - mladogegeljanets (see. Hegelianism). The critic of christianity and certainty of gospels. Considered as propulsion of a history a self-consciousness of " critical personalities ".

BAUER Luis Agrikola (1865-1932), American physics, foreign corresponding member AN the USSR (1925; foreign corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science with 1924). Transactionses on a geomagnetism.

BAUER Otto (1882-1938), one of leaders of the Austrian social democracy and 2-nd Internatsionala, the ideologist avstromarksizma. In 1918-19 state secretary on foreign affairs, supported apposition of Austria to Germany. With 1934 in emigration.

BAFFIN (Baffin) William (1584-1622), the English polar explorer. In 1612-16 participant of some expeditions on search of Northwest passage. Probeed Gudzonov a hall., the pest to the west from Greenland. Has discovered major epines of islands in Canadian Arctic arh., p-ov Hejs (Greenland).

BAFFINA the PEST (Baffin Bay), half-closed the pest the Sowing. Ledovitogo ok., between Greenland and eastern coasts Canadian Arctic arh. The prol is bridged. Davis with Atlantic ok. 530 thousand êì2. Depth up to 2414 m. Fishery (a cod, a herring, etc.).

GROUND BAFFINOVA (Baffin Island), the largest island Canadian Arctic arh., in structure of Canada. 476 thousand êì2. The population ok. 3,4 t. Hours. An altitude up to 2591 m. Arctic and mountain tundra. Fishery, a marine craft. The main occupied point - Frobisher-Bej.

BAH, family of german musicians from Thuringia, put forward in 16 - nach. 19 centuries of given away art workers, including. I.S.Baha and his sons: 1) Wilhelm Frideman (1710-84), "gallic" Bah, the composer and the organist, the improvisator... 2) Charles Phillip Emanuel (1714-88), "Berlin" or "Hamburg" Bah, the composer and klavesinist; his creativity, affine to literary motion " the Storm and a rush ", has exerted influence composers of the austrian classical school... 3) Iogann Christian (1735-82), "Milan" or "London" Bah, the composer and klavesinist, the representative t. n. Gallant style, has exerted influence juvenile V.A.Mozart creativity... 4) Iogann Kristof Fridrih (1732-95), "bjukkeburgsky" Bah, the composer, klavesinist, the conductor.

BAH Alexey Nikolaevich (1857-1946), the Russian scientist, academician AN the USSR (1929), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1945). Narodovolets; in 1885-1917 in emigration. The founder of domestic school of biochemists. Probeed a chemism of a photosynthesis and oxidation processes in a cell. Has placed, that in the basis of respiration a number of serial enzymatic redox reactions (the peroxide theory) lays. Has organized Physico-chemical institute him. Karpova (1918) and Institute of biochemistry AN the USSR (1935, with 1944 - name Baha). The premium him. V.I.Lenina (1926), the State premium of the USSR (1941).

BAH (Bach) Iogann Sebastjan (1685-1750), the german composer, the organist, klavesinist. Philosophical depth of the content and high ethical sense of products Baha have delivered his creativity in a number of masterpieces of world crop. Has extended achievements of the musical transitional art from Baroque to a classicism. The unsurpassed master of polyphony. " Well tempered klavir " (1722-44), the Mass the si-minor (ok. 1747-49), " Passions on John " (1724), " Passions on Matthew " (1727 or 1729), over 200 spiritual and society cantatas, tool concerts, numerous compositions for an organ, etc.

BAHAADDIN ZUHAJR (1185-1258), the Arabian poet. Panegyrical kasydy, lyrical verses, close national poetry.

BAHAWALPUR, city in Pakistan, on r. Sutlej. Ok. 200 thousand inhabitants (1981). Textile, a food-processing industry. Handcrafts (a carpet weaving, earthenware manufacture).

BAHADUR, the same, that batyr.

BAHARDEN, a urban settlement in Turkmenii. A depot. 18,1 thousand inhabitants (1991). Carpet factory, etc. In 19 kms from Bahardena in a karst cave underground an eskar. Kou.

BAHAREV Nikita (1705 - of mors is unknown), Russian the mechanics. Worked at the Siberian mountain steering. One of initiators of production and use of the Ural semi-precious stones. Has constructed in Ekaterinburg (1748) mechanic enterprises with a water drive for machining marble and original grinding mills.