BEN (Bain) Alexander (1818-1903), the English psychologist, the representative of the associative psychology. Has based log-book "Majnd" (1876). Has put forward concept about the mechanism of cuts and tries for argument of new forms of a motor performance. Promoted development of experimental psychology.

BENGBU (Banbu), city in China, in prov. Anhui, a port on r. Huai He. 431 thousand inhabitants (1990). A thorough revision of agricultural raw material, metallurgy, a machine industry, textile, chemical, a food-processing industry.

BENCHILE (Bancila) Octaves (1872-1944), the Romanian painter. Drama patterns on themes of country revolt 1907, the realistic - generalized modes of workers ("Striker", 1914).

BENXI, city on north-east of China, in prov. Liaoning. 751 thousand inhabitants (1990). One of the main centres of iron and steel industry. Production of iron oxide and mineral coal; manufacture of refractories.

MAN-ROENTGEN EQUIVALENT, off-system unit of an equivalent dose of radiance. 1 man-roentgen equivalent = 0,01 Dzh/kg. Up to 1963 unit man-roentgen equivalent was determined as a biological roentgen equivalent (from here the title).

MAN-ROENTGEN EQUIVALENT Charles Maksimovich (Charles Ernest) (1792-1876), the scientist, the founder of an embryology, one of founders of Russian geographycal society, foreign corresponding member (1826), the academician (1828-30 and 1834-62; the honorary member with 1862) Petersburg AN. Was born in Estljandii. Worked in Austria and Germany; in 1829-30 and with 1834 - in Russia. Has discovered an ovicell for mammals, has described a stage of a blastula; has studied an embryogenesis of a chicken. Has placed similarity of embryons of the maximum and the lowest animal, serial occurrence in an embryogenesis of attributes of type, a class, order, etc.; has described development of all main organs of vertebrates. Probeed New Land, Caspian m. The editor of a series of issuings on geography of Russia. Has explained regularity of a washing of coasts of the rivers (Man-roentgen equivalent the law).

MAN-ROENTGEN EQUIVALENT the LAW: the rivers current in a direction of a line of longitude, in Boreal hemisphere wash away a dextral coast, in Austral - left-handed. Speaks influence of diurnal rotation of the Earth on motion of particles of water in the river. K.M.Berom in 1857 is formulated.

BYRD, the American midland polar station (1957-72), nowadays base of seasonal probes on Marie Byrd land in Zap. To Antarctica, at the altitude 1530 m, in 660 kms from a coast.

BYRD (Reeds) (Byrd) Richard (1888-1957), the American polar explorer, the pilot, admiral. The chief of the American antarctic expeditions (1928-30, 1933-35, 1939-41 and 1946-47) which have conducted air photography, geographycal, geologic, meteorological and seismological probes.

BES, in egyptian mythology the godhood. The god of fun, music, dance differed Bes-Aha, the defence attorney from evil spirits, and the Bes-hit. It was figured by the way a dwarf with a ugly bearded face. Amulets by the way Besa were popular, his plotting were on mirrors, a toilet goods, lartsah.

BESIT, in egyptian mythology karlikoobraznaja the goddess, marital partner Besa.

BETSON (Bateson) William (1861-1926), the English biologist, one of founders of genetics, foreign corresponding member AN the USSR (1925; foreign corresponding member Russian AN with 1923). Settled nenasledovanie acquired characters, intermittent character of variability, the doctrine about purity of gametes. Explained originating new attributes for organisms prolapse of inhibitive factors - the theory " presence - absence " (1905). The writer of many genetic terms, has offered science about variability and a heredity of organisms to call as genetics (1906).

BJUVAR (frants. buvard), a desktop folder, it is routine with writing and a blotting paper, envelopes.

The BUDGET (English budget), paintings of incomes and charges of the state, establishment, family or a separate face on fixed time (year).

The BUDGET of TIME of the population, the system of parameters defining cost distribution of time on kinds of his use both the separate worker and his family, and fixed group of the population. On the basis of the analysis of the budget of time measures on rationalization of transactionses and organizations of a household activities and leisure time activities are developed.

The BUDGET CONSUMER, a balance of income and expenditure of family (average), defining usual standard of living of different groups of families of workers.

The BUDGETARY LAW, the body of laws, defining the budget device of country and regulating problems of education and a cash drawdown; one of the main institutes of a financial law.

BUDGET EXAMINATIONS, selective statistical examinations of incomes, charges and consumption of the population. Materials of budget examinations are used for the analysis of a standard of living of the population, calculation of balances of farm products, balances of labour, etc.