BENET (Benet) Huan (1927-93), the spanish writer. Extremely topical social - critical novels "Tomb" (1971), " the Saul before Samuel " (1980), " In twilight " (1989).

BENEFIT PERFORMANCE (frants. benefice - profit, favour), 1) (ustar). Performance, the tax from which acted for the benefit of one or several actors, and also other workers of theatre... 2) Theatrical submission in honour of one of his participants.

The BENEFICE (from an armour. beneficium - benefaction), in the season of an early Middle Ages in Zap. To Europe land possession, which king (or any other large feudal lord) in life interest to the vassal on conditions of performance military or an executive department favoured. Gradually turned into feudal. In a latin church the benefice - the profitable position or the ground area received as compensation by the churchman.

BENESH (Benes) Edward (1884-1948), the statesman of Czechoslovakia. In 1918-35 Minister for Foreign Affairs, in 1935-38 president, during 2-nd world war the president in emigration (with 1940), in 1946-48 president of Czechoslovakia.

BENESHEVICH Vladimir Nikolaevich (1874-1938), the historian, the lawyer, corresponding member AN the USSR (1925; corresponding member Russian AN with 1924). Transactionses under the byzantian right. It is repressed; it is rehabilitated posthumously.

BENZALDEHYDE (benzole aldehyde), C6H5CHO, a colourless liquid with an odor of a bitter almond, têèï 179 °C. Odorous substance in perfumery and a food-processing industry; raw material in manufacture of dyes and odorous substances.

BENZALCOHOL, C6H5CH2OH, a colourless liquid with a pleasant odor, têèï 205 °C; it is contained in a free state and by the way esters in essential oils and natural balms. Odorous substance in perfumery, raw material in manufacture of odorous substances, the solvent.

BENZILHLORID, C6H5CH2Cl, a colourless liquid with a sharp irritant odor, têèï 179,3 °C. Apply primarily to obtaining benzalcohol, ethers of a benzoic acid, and also dyes.

PETROL (frants. benzine), a mix of light hydrocarbon with têèï 30-205 °C; a diaphanous liquid, firmness of 0,70-0,78 g / sm3. Receive primarily distillation or cracking of petroleum. Fuel for carburettor avto-both aircraft engines; extragent and the solvent for fats, pitches, rubbers. See also Synthetic liquid fuel.

BENZOILPEROKSID, (C6H5COO) 2, colourless crystals, tïë 106-108 °S (with decomposition). The initiator of a free-radical polymerization in manufacture of polymers, hardener of the polyester resinss, the curing agent, a whitener of fats, oils. Vzryvchat.

BENZOILHLORID, C6H5COCL, a colourless liquid fuming on air, têèï 197,2 °C. Pairs benzoilhlorida invoke a lacrimation. Apply in manufacture benzoilperoksida, indigoide dyes, pharmaceuticals.

BENZOIC ACID, C6H5COOH, colourless crystals, tïë 122,4 °C. Apply in manufacture of dyes, medicinal and odorous substances, in medicine as an outside means of antimicrobic and antifungal action; Sodium benzoatum - an expectorant, conserving agent of foodstuffs.

BENZOLE ALDEHYDE, the same, that benzaldehyde.

BENZOLE, colourless liquid, têèï 80,1 °C. It will be derivated at a coal carbonization and at a chemical processing (napr., reforming) oil fractions. Apply to obtaining aniline, a phenol, styrol, caprolactam, blasting explosives, insecticides and a lot of other; use as the solvent, napr. Fats.

BENZOPIREN (benzpiren), light yellow crystals, tïë 180 °S. It is contained in coal tar, a tobacco smoke, air of conurbations, soil. It will be derivated at pyrolysis of acetylene, styrol, tetralin. Kantserogenen.

QUINONE, golden yellow crystals; tïë 116 °C. Raw material in manufacture of a hydroquinone, dyes; an oxidant and hardening substance.

BENI (Beni), the river in Bolivia, in system of Amazon. Ok. 1500 kms, the area of basin of 266 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water 6200 m3 / with. It is navigable from. Rurrenabake up to cataracts Esperansa.

The BENELUX COUNTRIES, the economic union of Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg. The agreement for the union is signed in 1958, the beginnings to act in 1960. A residence of authorities - Brussels.

BENIN, the state existing in an austral part of Nigeria. Bloom in 13-17 centuries. In steering alongside with tsar the important role was played by the largest dignitaries. The considerable development was reached with servitude. To kon. 19 century the terrain of Benin is seized by the English colonialists and Nigeria is included hereinafter in colony.