The BERLIN CONFERENCE 1884-85, international conference of 14 states (the Great Britain, Germany, Russia, France, the USA, Belgium, Portugal, etc.) on the African problems. Congo (basically terrain sovr. Zaire) it has been formally declared by "independent state" led by Belgian king Leopoldom II.

BERLIN 16.4-8.5.1945 OPERATION, during Great Domestic war. The Soviet troops of 1-st and 2-nd Byelorussian and 1-st Ukrainian of fronts (Marshals of Soviet Union G.K.Zhukov, K.K.Rokossovsky, I.S.Konev) have broken through the defence of a german troops on rr. Oder, Naas and Zelovskih altitudes, large groupings of a german troops in Berlin and jugo-to the east of Berlin have enclosed, and then in persistent breakages liquidated them. On April, 30 the Soviet troops have taken possession of storm rejhstagom; on May, 2 residues of the Berlin garrison capitulated. On May, 8 representatives of the German command have signed act of unconditional surrender of armed forces of fascist Germany in Berlin.

The BERLIN STATE MUSEUMS, one of the largest museum complexes in the world. It is based in 1830. Actuate National passageway, Picture passageway, Peredneaziatsky a museum, the Museum of moslem faith, the Egyptian museum, Antique collection, New national passageway, the Ethnographic museum, etc.

The BERLIN CONGRESS 1878, is called for revision of conditions the Dignity - Stefanskogo of the world 1878 under the initiative of the Great Britain and Austria-Hungary acting against intensifying of items of Russia on the Balkans. Other participants: Germany, France, Italy and Turkey. The Russian government which has appeared in a diplomatic isolation has made concessions. The Berlin tract is signed.

The BERLIN PACT 1940 about the military union between main participants Antikominternovskogo of the pact - Germany, Italy and Japan; it is encased on September, 27. Governments of some other states dependent on Germany later have joined.

The BERLIN TRACT, is encased by 13.7.1878 mandatory powers - participants of the Berlin congress. Has confirmed independence of Montenegro, Serbia and Romania. A sowing. Bulgaria has become the independent state, JUzh. Bulgaria (Vost. Rumelija) has remained under an authority of the turkish anthurus, having received an administrative autonomy. To Russia the mouth of Danube, strength Kars, Ardagan, Batum with districts have departed. Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The BERLIN UNIVERSITY, Gumboldtovsky university, is based in 1809. In 1990 ok. 18 thousand students.

BERLIOZ (Berlioz) Hector (1803-69), the French composer, the conductor. The member of Institute of France (1856). The creator of the romantic program concordance. The innovator in range of the musical form, harmony, instrumentation. Aspired to staging a symphonic genre, to monumentalism of vokalno-tool style, to a sans serif pointing of modes. " The fancy concordance " (1830), " the Mourning - triumphal concordance " (1840), opera - dilogija " Trojans " (1859), the Requiem mass (1837), etc. Alongside with R.Wagner the creator of new school of conducting. The tract " the Conductor of an orchestra " (1856). "Memoirs" (t. 1-2, 1860).

BERLIHINGEN (Berlichingen) Gets (Gottfried) a background (1480-1562), the german knight, the participant of Country war 1524-26. Commanded large country order in Franconia; before decisive battle in May 1525 has betraid peasants.

BERLUSKONI (Berlusconi) Silvio (r. 1936), the prime minister of Italy in May - December 1994. The large businessman, the leader built by him in January of 1994 associations " Forwards, Italy ", included in the unit of dextral forces.

BERM (polsk. berma), a horizontal site between dip-slopes of terraces of a nonoperating pit wall. Distinguish transport, preservative and safety benches.

BERMAMYT, a plateau Rocky hr. B.Kavkaza, in 35 kms to a southwest from Kislovodsk. The main plateau - Major Bermamyt an altitude up to 2591 m, Small Bermamyt an altitude up to 2643 m. Karst is developed.

BERMAN Michael Mihajlovich (1908-76), the Russian engineer - stankostroitel and the organizer of manufacture, the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1976). The main transactionses are connected to building manufacture and development of new technique - hydraulic copying-turning semi-automatic machines, unique automatic transfer lines. The lenin premium (1959).

BERMEHO (Bermejo) (Vermeho) (Vermejo) Bartolome (worked 1474-95 or later), the spanish painter. One of the first spanish masters of the beginnings to paint in oils. Wrote in a manner of the modern Netherlands painting ("Pjeta", the Cathedral church in Barcelona, 1490).

BERMUDIAN ISLANDS (Bermuda), in Atlantic ok., bliz the Sowing. America. Possession of the Great Britain. In total ok. 150 islands. 53,3 êì2. The population of 61,0 thousand person. (1990). An altitude up to 79 m. Adm. ts. - Hamilton (about. Bermuda).

" BERMUDIAN TRIANGLE ", area Atlantic ok. Between islands Bermudian, Puerto Rico and p-ovom Florida, distinguished by a close conditions for navigation.

BERN (a nem. Bern, frants. Berne), capital (with 1848) Switzerland, an administrative centre of the canton Bern, on r. Aare. 134 thousand inhabitants (1990, with suburbs ok. 300 thousand inhabitants). An international airport. Machine-building, himiko-pharmaceutical, alimentary, a printing industry. University. Museums art, historical, alpine. It is based in 1191. In 1353 has come in the Swiss Confederated states. Medieval Strengthening (15 century), Gothic cathedral Sankt-Vintsents (1421-1588), a town hall (1406-17).

BERNADETTA SUBIRU (Bernadette Soubirous), in baptism Maria Bernarda (1844-79), sacred Roman catholic tservi, the daughter of the miller from Lourdes (France), international pilgrimage becoming a mestome after the phenomena to her in 1858 ladies Mary in a cave near Lourdes (obshchekatolicheskoe celebration with 1907). Memory in the Latin church on April, 16.

BERNADOT (Bernadotte) Jean Batist (1763-1844), marshal of France (1804). The participant of revolutionary and napoleonic wars. In 1810 it is dismissed by Napoleon and it is selected the successor of the Swedish holy table. In 1813 commanding the Swedish troops in war against France. In 1818-44 Swedish king Charles XIV JUhan, the founder of dynasty Bernadotov.