BERGMAN (Bergmann) Gustav (1878-1955), the german therapist. Clinically and experimentally has developed the doctrine about the functional pathology.

BERGMAN (Bergman) Ingmar (r. 1918), the Swedish film director. Films: " Evening of fools " (1953), " the Seventh seal{printing} ", " the Strawberry glade " (both 1957), "Face" (1958), "Silence" (1963), " the Autumnal sonata " (1978), " Fanni and Alexander " (1983), etc. Develops a theme of tragical loneliness of the person in the modern society. Put performances at drama and opera theatres.

BERGMAN (Bergmann) Ernest (1836-1907), the german surgeon. One of creators of an asepsis. Transactionses on surgery of a skull and a brain.

BERGMAN (Bergman) JAlmar (1883-1931), the Swedish writer. Social - psychologic novels " Markurelly from Vadchepinga " (1919), " the Grandmother and God the God " (1921), " the Clown the Yak " (1930), chamber dramas, comedies.

BERGSTREM (Bergstrom) Sune (r. 1916), the Swedish biochemist, foreign member AN the USSR (1976), AMN the USSR (1982). The main{basic} transactionses on chemistry and biochemistry of Prostaglandinums. The Nobel Prize (1982, together with B.Samuelsonom and Dzh. R.Vayne).

BERGSHTRIHI (indexes{indicators} of a downslope), short primes on horizontals of the topographic map, directing a direction down-hill.

REEDS (Byrd) Ð., see Byrd R.

REEDS (Byrd) William (ok. 1543-1623), the English composer, the organist, verdzhinelist, notoizdatel. The creator of the English madrigal. Imaginations, variations, dances for verdzhinela and violy, masses, psalmy, etc.

REEDS CHarlz (Charles Nikolaevich) (1766-1843), the Russian engineer, the businessman, the shipowner. The native of Scotland, with 1786 in Russia. First in Russia in 1805-06 has designed and has constructed in Petersburg the cast-iron bridge " on arches ". Has constructed ship shipyard, has based (1815) shipping company on Neva. Supervised over manufacturing and installation of lattices, bas-reliefs, sculptures, flashlights, blankings, etc. metal load-carrying structures and elements. On his{its} first in Russia a mechanic foundry in Petersburg (it is based in 1792) bas-reliefs Aleksandrovskoj of a column, structural members of a frontispice and dome Isaakievskogo of a cathedral are made, etc. Has produced and has placed{installed} superstructures of all flying bridges of Petersburg.

BERDANKA, a singly charged rifle of system of American inventor H.Berdana, improved in 60th of 19 century the Russian engineers A.P.Gorlovym and K.I.Guniusom. In the inventory the Russian army in 1868-91.

REEDS (an ice-film. A name and fam. Berdimurat Kargabaev) (1827-1900), the Karakalpak poet. Lyrical, satirical, didactic verses, historical poems, an antidespotic poem - fairy tale "Tsar - petty tyrant".

BERDZHESS (Burgess) Anthony (1917-93), the English writer. The satirical novel " the Right on the answer " (1960); " black Utopias " " News of end of the world " (1982) and "1985 (1978). A theme of the antihero - in novels " the Clockwork common orange " (1962) and " the Will to the clockwork world " (1974), and also in U.Shakespeare parody "counterbiographies" (1964) and Dzh. Keats (1977). The writer of pieces of music.

BERDZENISHVILI Merab Isidorovich (r. 1929), the Georgian sculptor, the national artist of the USSR (1987), corresponding member AH (1988). Monumental, plastic indicative monument in honour of the 30-anniversary of Victory in Marneuli (1975), the decorative sculpture ("Medea", Pitsunda). The state premium of the USSR (1976).

BERDICHEV, city (with 1845) on Ukraine, Zhitomir region. A railway junction. 93,4 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factories: machine-tool constructing, a chemical machine industry. Furniture, polygraphic, mild, a food-processing industry. Has arisen in 15 century.

BERDNIKOV George Petrovich (1915-1996), the Russian literary critic, corresponding member Russian AN (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1974). Books on a history of the Russian literature of 19 century. The state premium of the USSR, (1985).

BERDSK, city (with 1944) in the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk region, on r. Berd, bliz its{her} lockins in Novosibirsk water reservoir. A depot. 81,2 thousand inhabitants (1992.) softwares "Vega" (stereophonic electrorecord players, tape recorders, etc.); factories: chemical, industrial rubber goods, etc. Alimentary, a light industry. It is based in nach. 18 century.

BERDSLI (Berdslej) (Beardsley) Obri (1872-98), English risovalshchik. Painfully brittle drawings distinguished by the masterly game of outline profiles and lines (a case history to "Salome" O.Uajlda, 1894), have influenced on the schedule{chart} of style "modernist style".

BERDYSH (polsk. berdysz), a cold steel, a broad lengthy axe with an edge by the way a half moon on the lengthy shaft; in the inventory Russian infantry in 15-17 centuries. To berdyshu a kind{view} of weapons the halberd was close.