BETA (?), the second character of the Grecian alphabet.

BETAKI Vasily Pavlovich (r. 1930), the Russian poet. With 1973 in emigration in France. The unique book published in the USSR - " the Earth flame " (1965). In the poetry noted ekspressivnoj by figurativeness and diversity, - patterns of a nature, urban landscapes, echoes of historical and modern, political events. Collections of verses and poems: " Short circuit of time " (1974), " Europe - an island " (1981), " the Fifth rider " (1985). The collection of an essay " Russian poetry for 30 flying " (1987).

BETANKUR (Betancourt) Romulo (1908-81), the president of Venezuela in 1945-48 and 1959-64; in 1941 has based a consignment Democratic action and was one of its leaders.

BETA DECAY (b-disintegration), the spontaneous transformation of nucleus attending with emitting (or absorption) an electron and an antineutrino or positron and a neutrino. Phylums of beta decay are known: electronic disintegration (metamorphosis of a neutron into a proton), positron disintegration (a proton in a neutron) and electron capture. At electronic beta decay nuclear charge increases on 1, at positron - decreases on 1; mass number does not vary (see. A radioactivity).

The KETRONE, gauge meter of power (energy spectrum) of electrons and positrons, including beta-particles.

BETA-SPECTROSCOPY, see. Nuclear spectroscopy.

BETA-RAY THERAPY, medical application of beta-particles; a kind of radial therapy.

BETATRON, a cyclic accelerator of electrons in whom electrons are gear uped by the vortical electric field induced by a variable magnetic field. Routinely power of electrons in a betatron is not higher 100 MeV.

BETA-PARTICLES, electrons and the positrons released at beta decay.

BETGER (Bottger) Iogann Fridrih (1682-1719), the german alchemist. The main transactionses are connected to search of components of porcelain mass and their optimal ratio. Has received in 1705-07 its first samples on the basis of which manufacture of Dresden china has been organized. In 1707 has prepared first in Europe solid white porcelain, has developed technology of his manufacture and in 1710 has organized in Mejsene (Saxony) a manufactory releasing world famous mejsensky the porcelain.

To BETA (Bethe) Hans Albrecht (r. 1906), the physics - theorist. In 1933 has emigrated from Germany, with 1935 in the USA. Fundamental transactionses on a quantum mechanics, a nuclear physics, a quantum theory of a solid, an astrophysics. Has indicated the most probable cycles of thermonuclear reactions in asters. The participant of building first an atomic bomb. The Nobel Prize (1967). A golden medal him. Lomonosov AN the USSR (1990).

The BETEL NUT, a mix of spicy leaves of pepper the betel nut - a bush of a set of a pepper family (diluted in tropical Asia) with a shards of seeds of a palm a betel palm and a small amount of a lime. Use as a cud; excites nervuju system.

BETELGEJZE, a Orion, an aster of null stellar magnitude, a red supergiant with radius, to equal 850 radiuses of the Sun.

BETEHTIN Anatoly Georgievich (1897-1962), the Russian geologist and mineralog, academician AN the USSR (1953). The main transactionses on rudoobrazovaniju and mineragrafii. Has developed the theory of education of manganese ores. Probeed a problem of hydrothermal solutions. The lenin premium (1958), the State premium of the USSR (1947).

BETI (Beti) Mongo (r. 1932), kamerunsky the writer. Writes in French. Anticolonial novels " Severe city " (1955), " the Wonderful recovery of king " (1958), " Remember Rubena " and " Perpetju and a habit to travail " (both 1974).

BETIKA (Baetica), a Roman province in the south of Spain, derivated ok. 15-12 up to n. e.; the title from r. Betis (sovr. Guadalquivir). Economically the most developed and romanizovannaja a province in Spain. In nach. 5 century the terrain Betiki is conquered by vandals.

BETLEJKA, the same, that batlejka.

BETLEN Ishtvan (1874-1946), columns, in 1921-31 chairman of Council of Ministers of Hungary. Has concluded agreement (1927) for friendship with fascist Italy. Within 2-nd world war adviser M.Horti.

BETHLEHEM (Bethlehem), city on north-east the USA, pieces. Pennsylvania. 71,4 thousand inhabitants, about Allentown and suburbs of 650 thousand inhabitants (1990.) Center of iron and steel industry (headquarter " Bethlehem Steel "), metal-working, cement, etc. an industry. University.