BETSKOJ Ivan Ivanovich (1704-1795), the Russian public figure, personal secretary Ekaterina II (1762-79). Conducted reforms in range of education and education. The creator and the trustee educational is dry-rot (for fatherlesses) in Moscow and Petersburg, Smolnogo institute, etc. educational and educational establishments. The president of the Academy of arts (1763-95).

BETSOLD (Bezold) Fridrih (1842-1908), german otorinolaringolog, one of founders of physiology of ear and diagnosis of acoustic defeats. Has proved availability for surdomute " islands of ear " and has developed on the basis of it a method of their education{learning} of oral speech.

BETSTSENBERGER (Bezzenberger) Adalbert (1851-1922), the german philologist and the archeologist, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1894). One of osnovatelej Baltic philology. Transactionses on Baltic tongues. Has emited written monuments of 16-17 centuries.

BECHO, a saddle-point Main Caucasian hr., between hills Donguz-Orunbashi and SHhelda. 3375 m. Through Becho are passed with a trail from r. Baksan on a valley r. JUsengi up to r. Inguri. Tourism.

BECHUANALAND (Bechuanaland), the protectorate of the Great Britain in Africa in 1885-1966. Since September 1966 gos-in Botswana.

BECHUANY, see. Tsvana.

BESHAR, city in the west of Algeria, an administrative centre vilaji Beshar. 107 thousand inhabitants (1987.) Center of mining area (development of mineral coal, iron, manganous ores). The flavoring, sewing, metal-working enterprises.

The BESH-ARAL RESERVATION, in Kirghizia, in CHatkalskoj to a valley. It is based in 1979. The area 16732 ga. Woods from a Persian walnut and archi. Marmot badger Menzbira, a snow porpoise, etc.; a golden eagle, an osprey, sapsan.

BESHARYK, city (with 1983) in Uzbekistan, the Fergana region, bliz zh.-d. An item. Rapkan. 17,6 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factories: hlopkoochistitelnaja, a cottony fiber{filament}.

RABIES, virus disease of the person and animal: a severe injury of central nervous system. It is transmitted through a spit of sick animals, primarily at a puncture. The reservoir{tank} of a virus in a nature - feral{natural} sarcophagous. Prophylaxis for the person: emergency inoculations after a puncture.

"MAD", a nickname of representatives of the extremely left-handed political trend in the season{term} of the French revolution kon. 18 century and ideologists of urban poor (Z.Ru, T.Leklerk, Z.Varle, etc.). Demanded a maximum, a revolutionary terror. In extirpation with jakobintsami have been routed in the autumn 1793.

SQUIRTING CUCUMBER, stem of perennial herbaceous plants of a set of a gourd family. 1 kind{view}, primarily on coasts of Mediterranean and Black m. The ripe fruits similar to cucumbers, at a tangency are torn{lifted} off and with force will reject a liquid with seeds (from here the title).

BESHKENT, city (with 1977) in Uzbekistan, the Kashkadarinskai region, bliz Karshi. 11,9 thousand inhabitants (1991). A ginnery, a clothing factory.

BESHKOV Eli (1901-58), the Bulgarian schedule{chart}. Proniknutye acute social satire antimonarchic and anti-fascist drawings in the Bulgarian log-books 20-30-Õ, political and household caricatures.

BESHTAU, five-domed mountain - laccolith bliz Pyatigorsk. 1400 m. deciduous forests.

BEEKMAN (Beekman) Vladimir (r. 1929), the Estonian writer. Collections of verses. The historical novel " City of mournful stones " (1959), novels "Transient" (1967), " Night pilots " (1975), the documentary novel " And hundred morses " (1978) - about Great Domestic war, novels "Corridor" (1982), " the Narva cataract " (1986).

BEEKMAN Eme (r. 1933), the Estonian writer. Roman " Dead bubentsy " (1968) about fascist occupation, " Flight of outsiders " (1967), " Hour of equinox " (1971), "CHertotsvet" (1974), "Defoliation" (1975), " the Capability of selection " (1978), " the Capability of abdication " (1989) on moral - ethical themes, anti-Utopia "Race" (1982).

BEER-SHEVA, city in Palestine on western coast r. Jordan. 114 thousand inhabitants (1990). The trading - transport centre in desert Negev. Chemical, glass, woodworking enterprises. It is known from 4 century up to n. e.

BZHEZINSKY (Brzezinski) Zbignev (r. 1928), the American sociologist, the statesman; in 1977-81 mate of president Dzh. Carter on national security. In 1970th has put forward the theory of the introduction of the American society in t. n. tehnotronnuju era - one of versions of " a postindustrial society ". Bzhezinsky acted with sharp criticism of communism. The main{basic} developer of policy in range of the human right.