BIVREST (Bilrest) (dr .-èñë. shivering road), in the Scandinavian mythology a rainbow represented as the bridge between ground and the root. Red colour in a rainbow symbolized igneous physical agent which handicapped to mount on the root ineistym to giants.

BI-GAN, in the Chinese mythology the godhood of oof, it was figured by the way the noble husband sitting on a throne.

BITTER ORANGE, the same, that a wild orange.

BIG-BAND (English Big band, characters. A major orchestra), the characteristic version of a jazz orchestra distinguished by fixed structure of instruments. Number of musicians in a big-band - 10-20 person. Development of a big-band began in 1920th, and in nach. 1930 on his{its} basis{fundamentals} there was a swing - one of basic styles of an orchestral jazz.

BIGGAR (Biggar) Joseph Gillis (1828-1890), the figure of irish national motion. The participant of Land league. The initiator of tactics of parliamentary obstruction; the adherent of compromises with the English liberals.

"BIGL" ("Beagle"), the military sailing corvette (Great Britain) known primarily on round-the-world expedition 1831-36 (commander R.Fitsroj) including C.Darvina. Displacement 235 t. In 20-40-Õ of 19 century on "Bigl" were led hydrographic activities on filming coasts JUzh. America, It is new. Zealand, the Sowing. Australia, etc.

BIDDEPOTI, see. Vidjapati.

BIDDER Genrih (1810-94), the Russian physiologist and the anatomist, corresponding member (1857) and the honorary member (1884) Petersburg AN. Transactionses on physiology and a histology of nervous system, physiology of a feed. Has found (1852) in heart of a frog on border{limit} of an auricle and a ventricle twin clumps of ganglionic cells (clusters Biddera). Has put forward (1842) hypothesis about the functional independence of sympathetic nervous system. Has created school of physiologists.

BIDERMAN Nahum Lvovich (1917-93), the Russian engineer, the expert in range of mechanics of a distorted body, Dr.Sci.Tech. (1959). Has created the theory of retina, has developed methods of calculation of the rubber-cord elastic elements and pneumatic tires. The lenin premium (1960).

BIDERMEJER (a nem. Biedermeier, Biedermaier), a style direction in german and Austrian art ok. 1815-48. In bidermejere submissions of burgher medium were reflected. The architecture and an ornamental art bidermejera processed forms of an empire style spirit of intimacy and a domestic cosiness. For painting bidermejera (G.F.Kersting, L.Richter, K.Shpitsveg in Germany, M.Shvind, F.Valdmjuller in Austria) typically thin, careful plotting of an interior, a nature, household component parts.

BIDZHAPUR, the state in India on Deccan in 15-17 centuries led by dynasty Adilshahov.

BIDZHARETTI (Bigiaretti) Libero (r. 1906), the italian writer. Themes of Resistance movement (the novel " Karlone, life of one Italian ", 1950; the story " School of thieves ", 1952), criticism of the modern society (novels "Congress", 1963, "Dublersha", 1968), the collection of stories (" the Person who has eaten a lion ", 1974); the book of memories ("Room", 1976).

BIDZIN (CHolokashvili) Ksansky (mind{wit}. 1660; under other data in 1664), the sacred Georgian prince who has headed Kahetinskoe revolt 1659. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on September, 18 (on October, 1).

BIDL (Beadle) George Uels (1903-89), American genetics. Basic transactionses on biochemical genetics. One of writers of the fundamental concept: " one gene - one ferment " (each gene is responsible for synthesis only one ferment, 1941). The Nobel Prize (1958, together with E.Tejtemom).

BIDO (Bidault) George (1899-1983), the prime minister of France in 1946 and 1949-50. In 1940-44 participant of movement of Resistance; one of osnovatelej (1944) and chiefs of a consignment National - republican motion. In 1944-54 repeatedly minister. In 1961 has come in OAS, in 1962 ran from France; after amnesty 1968 has returned.

BIDSTRUP (Bidstrup) Herluf (1912-88), the danish artist - caricaturist, the honorary member AH the USSR (1973). Acute, indicative drawings on political and household themes often compound{make} the whole graphic story. The international Lenin premium (1964).

BIEZBARDIS (Biezbardis) (Bezbard, Bezbard) Kaspars (1806-86), the Latvian publicist, the leader mladolatyshej. Opposed german domination, for do-it-yourself development of the Latvian crop and tongue.

BEATS, oscillations with periodically changed voltage, 2 oscillations originating at imposing{superposition} with closely spaced frequencies f1 and f2. Beats use for set-up of musical instruments, and also for frequency measurement, container{capacity}, inductance, etc. Beat frequency F = f1 - f2.

BIESHU (Biesu) Maria Lukjanovna (r. 1935), the Moldavian singer (a lyrico-dramatic soprano), the national actress of the USSR (1970). With 1961 at the Moldavian theatre of opera and ballet. 1-n the premium at International competition of initiators of consignment CHio-CHio-san (Japan, 1967). The professor of the Moldavian conservatory (with 1986). The lenin premium (1982), the State premium of the USSR (1974).