BIFIDUS BACTERIA (from an armour. bifidus - disjointed in two and bacteria), a kind of lactic asid bacteria, compound 80-90 % of a normal intestinal flora of children and young plants agricultural animal in the season of milk feeding. Suppress development of sour and pathogenic microbes.

BIFURCATION (from an armour. bifurcus - bifurcated), in biology dualization, a forking, napr. Trachea on 2 primary bronchuses.

BIFURCATION, in pedagogics - see in an item. Furkatsija.

BIFURCATION, purchase of new quality in motions of dynamic system at an infinitesimal change of its parameters. The fundamentals of the theory of a bifurcation are incorporated by A.Puankare and A.M.Ljapunovym in nach. 20 century, then this theory has been developed by A.A.Andronovym and pupils. The knowledge of the main bifurcations allows to facilitate essentially probe of hardware systems (physical, chemical, biological, etc.), in particular to predict character of the new motions originating at the moment of transition of system in qualitatively other condition, to evaluate their resistance and range of existence.

The BIFURCATION of the RIVERS, division of the river into 2 branches which hereinafter do not drain and will derivate do-it-yourself a mouth. The bifurcation of the rivers is possible at indistinctly expressed watersheds.

BIHAR, staff in India, predominary on plain of Ganges. 174 thousand êì2. The population 86,3 million person (1991). Adm. ts. - Patna.

BIHARI (Bihari) JAnosh (1764-1827), the Hungarian violinist, the composer. The gipsy. The virtuoso - improvisator, the chief of the Hungarian dancing orchestra, one of creators verbunkosha. Compositions for a violin (are based on the Hungarian national dances and songs). Melodies Bihari used L.Beethoven, F.List (thought much of his game), P.Sarasate.

BIHARTSY, group of peoples (majthiltsy, magahi, bhadzhpurtsy) in India (92,5 million person, pieces. Bihar) and adjacent areas of Nepal (3,64 million person), Bangladesh (1,45 million person) and Bhutan. An aggregate number 97,6 million person (1992). Tongues indoiranskoj branches. Believers - basically induisty.

"REPUBLIC BIHACHSKAJA", the title of terrain in Central and Zap. Bosnia, a part of Croatia and Dalmatia with the centre in. Bihach, the free Yugoslavian guerilla forces from fascist occupiers in June - September 1942. In 1943 it is seized by an occupying troops and kollaboratsionistskimi formations.

BEHAVIORISM (from English behaviour, bihevior - conduct), a master direction of the American psychology 1-st floor. 20 century. Considered as a subject of psychology not consciousness, and the conduct perceived as set propulsion and reducible to nymas of verbal and emotional answers (reactions) to influences (stimulants) of an environment. An ancestor of behaviorism - E.Torndajk, the program and the term are offered Dzh. Watson (1913). The greatest development has reached in 20th; ideas and methods of behaviorism have been transferred in anthropology, sociology, the pedagogics, integrated in the USA in the capacity of " bihevioralnyh sciences ", i.e. investigator conduct. Neobiheviorizm 1930th (E.C.Tolmen, K.L.Hall), attempting to overcome limitation of basic concept of behaviorism " stimulant - reaction ", has entered into it oposredstvujushchee a link - " intermediate variable " (different cognitive and incentive factors).

BIHOR (Bihor), a hills in Romania, in the Zap.-Romanian mountains. An altitude up to 1848 m (. Kukurbeta). Lost volcanoes, karst. Broad-leaved and coniferous forests.

BIHTER Michael Alekseevich (1881-1947), the Russian pianist and the conductor, the honored worker of arts of Russia (1938). Acted as the pianist - ansamblist, including from N.I.Zabeloj, F.I.Shaljapinym. In 1912-17 conductor of Theatre of the musical drama in Petrograd. The professor of the Leningrad conservatory (with 1933).

BITSADZE Andrey Vasiljevich (1916-94), the Russian mathematician, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1958), academician AN of Georgia (1969). Transactionses on a function theory, differential equations.

BICEPS (from an armour. biceps - two-headed), a two-headed muscle. The biceps of a shoulder of the person incurvates an arm in a ulnar joint and hoists in the shoulder, the biceps of a hip incurvates a shin in a knee joint.

BITSILLI Peter Mihajlovich (1879-1953), the Russian historian and the philosopher of crop, the literary critic. The Privat-senior lecturer of Novorossisk university in Odessa (with 1911), with 1920 in emigration, the professor of the Sofia university (1924-48). Transactionses on a history of medieval crop, a history of the Russian literature.

" WHIP BOJZ " (Beach Boys), the American group, is derivated in 1961. Structure: Bryan Wilson (a vocal, the bass - gear quadrant), Dennis Wilson (impact, a vocal), Charles Wilson (the gear quadrant, a vocal), Mike Lav (vocal), El Dzherdan (the bass - gear quadrant, a vocal). Music of group differs melody, harmony of a vocal. The debut album has hitted in the top twenty of America, and (" Surfing JU-ES-EJ ") has become the second "golden" on figure of the sold plates. Songs of group took the highest places in charts. The group has broken up in 1983 after Dennisa Wilson death.

BICHEM (Beecham) Thomas (1889-1961), the English conductor, the impresario, the composer. Conducted performances of " Russian seasons " in the London (1911, 1913), and also the largest English orchestras. Worked in the USA (1941-44). Orchestral suites, chamber compositions.