BIOGENIC ELEMENTS, the chemical elements permanently included in organisms and executing{designing} fixed biologic functions. The major biogenic elements - About (compounds{makes} ok. 70 % of mass of organisms), C (18 %), H (10 %), N, B, S, Ca, K, Na, Cl. Á. e., necessary for organisms in trace amount, call as microelements.

BIOGEOGRAPHY (from a biot... And the geography), studies distribution{propagation} and distribution of living organisms on a terrestrial globe.

BIOGEOCHEMICAL SEARCHES, methods of searches of mineral wealths, founded on detection of heightened concentrations of ore-forming elements in soil and in leach of plants or the abnormal biological responses of vegetative organisms on action of chemical elements near to ore deposits.

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, section of a geochemistry; studies chemical composition of a living substance and the geochemical processes weeping in ecumene of the Earth with the participation of living organisms; actuates also an organic geochemistry.

BIOGEOCENOSE (from a biot... geo... And grech. koinos - general), a uniform{homogeneous} plot of a surface with fixed structure alive (biocoenosis) and inert (a ground atmospheric slice, solar energy, soil, etc.) components and dynamic interaction between them (an exchange of substance and power). The term was offered by V.N.Sukachyov (1940); it is used as a synonym of an ecosystem.

BIOGEOCENOLOGY (from biogeocenose and... logija), studies biogeocenoses.

BIOHERMS (from a biot... And grech. herma - a submerged pleat, a hill), the solid dome-shaped clump of the organogenic calcareous substance which have arisen at gradual growth at the bottom of a superficial water reservoir of colonys of attached organisms, depositing a lime (corals, pearlworts, algae, etc.); reaches tens meters in vertical direction and some kilometres on an expansion.

BIOLOGICAL HYDROACOUSTICS (from a biot..., gidro... And soundman), studies the notes issued by aquatic organisms. It is long-range at stock inventory of some kinds{views} of fishes and establishment of their specific fitting. Uses methods of an echo ranging for precise definition of depth, firmness of a clump and speed of progression of shoals of a fish. The biological hydroacoustics in a VTR allows to distinguish a submersible, etc. from a shoal of a fish or a whale.

BIOGRAPHIC METHOD in literary criticism, interpretation of the literature as reflectances of the biography and features of the personality of the writer (initiator S.O.Sent-Bev). Absolutization of a biographic method results in derogation of a role of a spiritually - historical atmosphere, style of epoch, traditions and influences. In scientific literary criticism - one of principles of probe.

The BIOGRAPHIC METHOD, in social science is used: for the description of sample structure zoetic ways and features of the collective biography of separate generations on the basis of the analysis of sociohistorical data; for renovating the zoetic world of separate individuals on the basis of study of personal papers (correspondence, diaries, autobiographies, etc.).

The BIOGRAPHY (from a biot... And... grafija), 1) the description of human life; a genre of historical, art and scientific prose. The modern biography (napr., a series " Life of remarkable people ") reveals a historical, national and social condition, psychologic phylum of the personality, its{her} cause-effect relations c sotsiokulturnym the world (compare. The autobiography)... 2) Human life as set{combination} of his{its} acts, events and mentalities.

BIODOSE, erythema dose, minimum duration of ultra-violet lighting of the leather, necessary for originating weak, but clearly delineated erythema.

BIOZONE, the adjournments conforming to vertical distribution of any one regular group of minerals of organisms (a kind{view}, a stem, a set).

BIOINDICATORS, organisms, presence, quantity or which intensity of development ministers a parameter of any natural processes or environmental conditions, availability of fixed substances in water or in soil, a pollution intensity, etc. See also Indicator plants.

BIOCATALYSIS, the same, that fermentation catalysis.

BIOCATALYSTS, the same, that ferments.

BIOKO (Bioko) (up to 1973 Fernando Pos, up to 1979 Masias-Ngema-Bijogo), an island in Guinean a hall. Terrain of Equatorial Guinea. 2017 êì2. The population over 100 thousand person. An altitude up to 3008 m. Plantations of cocoa, an oil palm. To Bioko - capital of Equatorial Guinea of Malabo.

BIOLYTES (from a biot... And... Lit), organogenic rocks.

BIOLOGY of INLAND WATERS INSTITUTE (IBVV) the Russian Academy of Science, is based in 1962 (conducts a history from biological station "Borok", founded in 1938) in Nekouzskom r-not by Yaroslavl region. Biological investigations in internal water reservoirs.

BIOLOGY STARVING INSTITUTE (IBM) of Far East branch of the Russian Academy of Science, it is built in 1970 in Vladivostok. Probe of a biota of Far East seas, development of theoretical and practical problems of reproduction of marine organisms.