BIROBIDZHAN, city (with 1937) in the Russian Federation, the centre of the Jewish independent region, on r. Bira. A railway junction. 86,7 thousand inhabitants (1992). A machine industry (factories: "Dalselmash", mains transformers), mild, a woodworking industry. Theatre. A study of local lore museum.

BIRON Ernest Iogann (1690-1772), columns, a favorite of the empress of Anna Ivanovny, the ober-chamberlain of its yard; duke Kurljandsky (with 1737). In 1730-40 enjoyed unlimited confidence of the empress of Anna Ivanovny. Spent Bironom policy has reduced in domination of aliens, plunder of oofs of country, severe persuit dissatisfied, etc. After palace tumble 1740 it arrested and banished. In 1761 it is pardoned by emperor Peter III.

BIERCE (Bierce) Ambroz (1842-1914?), the American writer. In technically refined stories, sketches, parables has embodied an atmosphere of pavor, tragical rasshcheplennosti attitudes by means of grotesque - fancy and satirical modes (collections " Stories about military and civil ", 1892, " In a lees of life ", 1892).

BIRSK, city in the Russian Federation, Bashkiria, landing stage on r. White. 36,1 thousand inhabitants (1992). The alimentary enterprises, a clothing factory. Pedagogical institute. It is based in 1663.

BIRUNI, city in Kara-Kalpak. See. Beruni.

BIRSHTONAS (Birstonas), city (with 1966) in Lithuania, on r. Njamunas (Neman), in 39 kms from Kaunas. 4,2 thousand inhabitants (1990). Balneogrjazevoj a health resort.

TURQUOISE, mineral of a class of phosphates, CuAl6 [PO4] 4 · [OH] 8·5H2O. Impurity Fe, Zn. Dense cryptocrystalline masses and concretions of celestial-blue or bluish-green colour. Hardness 5-6; firmness of 2,8-2,9 g / sm3; luster dim, waxen. A gemstone. A major deposit in Iran (Nishapurskoe); in Tadjikistan (Karamazor), Uzbekistan (Kyzyl Kum).

BIRJUZOV Sergey Semenovich (1904-64), the Russian commander, Marshal of Soviet Union (1955), the Hero of Soviet Union (1958). In Great Domestic war the chief of an army headquarters, of some fronts and commanding army. In 1955-62 commander-in-chief the Rocket-propelled troops of air defence of country, in 1962-63 commander-in-chief the Rocket-propelled troops of strategic destination. In 1963-64 chief of the General Staff - 1-st deputy minister of the defence of the USSR. Has perished in fatal flight accident.

UNSOCIABLE PERSONS Dmitry Andreevich (1904-69), the Russian physiologist, academician AMN the USSR (1962). With 1950 - the director of Institute of experimental medicine AMN the USSR. Transactionses on comparative physiology and a pathology of the maximum nervous activity. Has found (1935) number of features bezuslovnoreflektornogo salivations in the person. Has placed (1943) availability of baroreceptors in a solid meninx. One of creators of climatic adaptive physiology of nervous activity.

UNSOCIABLE PERSONS Nikolay Zotovich (1912-66), the Russian writer. The story "Seagull" (1945; the State premium of the USSR, 1951), is dedicated heroic destiny Soviet partizanki Lizy CHajkinoj.

UNSOCIABLE PERSONS Paul Ivanovich (1860-1931), the Russian publisher, the public figure. The book " the Biography of Lion Nikolaevicha Tag " (t. 1-4, 1922-23).

BIRJUSA (she, Major Birjusa), the river on southwest Vost. Siberia, the left-handed component r. Taseeva. 1012 kms. The area of basin of 55,8 thousand êì2. The beginning in Vost. Sajane. Average discharge of water 365 m3 / with. Driveable. It is navigable on the average flow.

BIRJUSINSK, city (with 1967) in the Russian Federation, Irkutsk region, on r. Birjusa. A depot. 12,1 thousand inhabitants (1992). Lesopilno-wood-working combine, a hydrolysis plant.

BIRJUSINSKY the BACKBONE, in Vost. Sajane. Length ok. 100 kms. An altitude up to 1922 m. A cedar - larch taiga.

BIRJUCH, the same, that birich.

PRIVET, stem of bushes, less often than trees of a set maslinovyh. Ok. 40 kinds, in Europe, the Sowing. To Africa, M.Azii, on Caucasus, the Far East. From fruits of a privet dace get a paint. A privet use as an ornamental plant for ozelenija (well tolerates urban conditions, a shearing) and in wind-breaks.

The LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT, see. A major integrated circuit.

ENCORE, people in Burkina Faso, Ghana (on 150 thousand person), Nigeria (80 thousand person) and Ghana (30 thousand person, 1992). Tongue of an encore. Believers - moslems - sunnity.