BIOCOENOLOGY (from a biocoenosis and... logija), studies biocenoses.

BIOELECTRIC POTENTIAL, electric potentials in tissues and cells (primarily in cellular membranes) living organisms. Are connected to processes of exaltation and braking operation for animal and the person and an irritability for plants. Probes of bioelectric potential apply with the diagnostic purposes (an electrocardiography, an electroencephalography, etc.).

The BIOENERGETICS, studies mechanisms and regularities of transformation of power during vital activity of organisms, power processes in ecumene.

BIPATRIDY (from bi... And grech. patris, a genitive epizooty patridos - fatherland, Rhodinum) (persons of dual nationality), in the international law the faces consisting simultaneously in citizenship of two or more states, i.e. having double allegiance.

BIPLANE (from bi... And an armour. planum - a plane), an airplane with 2 side panels, located one above other. It is applied restrictedly (basically to the educational purposes and a farm work). In 1930th it is extruded by a monoplane because of low-level high-speed capabilities.

PERSONS OF DUAL NATIONALITY (from bi... And grech. polis - citizens, the state), the same, that bipatridy.

BIR (Moldavian - a tribute, the tax), in Moldova household to file from peasants (from 15 century), and also a tribute of Turkey and the tax on subarches to the anthurus to 16-18 centuries.

BIR (Bier) August (1861-1949), the german surgeon. Has offered a method of a synthetic hyperemia for treatment of inflammatory contagions, a method of a spinal anaesthesis (1901). Transactionses on osteal a plastic, to treatment of wounds of vessels, a tuberculosis.

BIRA, the river on the Far East the Russian Federation, the left-handed in-leak of Amur. 261 kms, the area of basin 9580 êì2. Average discharge of water 107 m3 / with.

BIRBOM (Beerbohm) Maks (1872-1956), the English prose writer, the popular artist - caricaturist. The book of short stories of " Seven men " (1919), collections of an essay and notes " And even today " (1920), " Infinite flock " (1928), etc.; numerous literary parodies.

BIRGER Boris Georgievich (r. 1923), the Russian artist, bordered on to " informal art ", prolonging traditions of symbolism. Wrote constrained cloths on tint, proniknutye mild internal glowing. Special popularity his portraits of figures of spiritual opposition have received, writers, - A.D.Saharova, J.M.Daniel, B.S.Okudzhavy, etc., also written in "samosvetjashchejsja" to a manner.

BIRGER JARL (Birger Jarl) (?-1266), the governor (jarl) Sweden in 1248-66; from dynasty Folkungov. Has headed a marching of Swedes against Novgorod (a defeat in the Neva battle 1240) and a marching against the Finnish nations (1249), terminated seizure of a part of their terrain.

BIRGITTA (Birgitta) Swedish (1303-73), Christian mistik, the foundress of the religious order which was become popular across all Europe. With 1350 vein in Rome. Memory in the Latin church on July, 23 and on October, 8.

BIRD (Beard) CHarlz Austin (1874-1948), the American historian, one of osnovatelej an economic direction in historiography the USA. Transactionses on a history the USA.

BIRENDRA BIR BIKRAM the CHECK the MAIDEN (r. 1945), king of Nepal with 1972.

EXCHANGE, in Saint Petersburg on scape Vasiljevskogo of an island; a monument of the architecture of Russian classicism (1805-10; it is open in 1816, architect Z.Toma de Tomon). Nowadays the Central marine museum. The structure by the way periptera on the high pedestal, surrounded with a Tuscan collonnade, has logged on bands of city core.

EXCHANGE (goll. beurs, a nem. Borse), the form of regularly operational wholesale market, the goods sold under standards and samples (commodity exchange), valuable papers (stock exchange) and a foreign exchange (currency market), and also a labour (labour exchange). The commodity exchange masss a wholesale revolution on mass, basically raw and to articles of food (non-ferrous metals, a grain, a cotton, Saccharum, etc.). Distinguish generalpurpose and specialized (on commodity items or their groups) commodity exchanges. On official stock exchanges tradings in stocks and shares only the large companies are supposed; in many countries there are informal stock exchanges where any valuable papers revert. Exchange members are divided on brokers and dealers. The exchange establishes standards on the exchange goods, a price level (quotation) on the goods and valuable papers, analyzes the conjuncture a supply and demand, distributes a business data.

BIRZHAJ (Birzai) (up to 1917 official title of Exchange), city in Lithuania, for an eskar. SHirvenos, on r. Apashchja. A depot. 16,4 thousand inhabitants (1991). Textile (predominary linen), a food-processing industry. Close - balneal health resort Likenaj. It is known with 1589.

" EXCHANGE SHEETS ", the moderately - liberal newspaper 1880-1917, Saint Petersburg, with 1885 daily. Seated the exchange commercial information.