BLAGOVESHCHENSK, city (with 1858) in the Russian Federation, the centre of the Amurense region, a port on r. Amur, at a lockin r. Zeya. A depot. 241 thousand inhabitants (1992). A machine industry (manufacture of the equipment for ore mining and a gold-mining industry; ship-building and other factories; manufacture of electric appliances, etc.), wood-working, mild, a food-processing industry. 4 high schools. 2 theatres. A study of local lore museum. It is based in 1856 as Ust-Zejsky a military post.

BLAGOVESHCHENSK, city (with 1941) in the Russian Federation, Bashkiria, landing stage on r. White. 28,2 thousand inhabitants (1992). Reinforcing, it wire - gvozdilnyj factories, etc. It is based in 1756.

The BLAGOVESHCHENSK Vasily Timofeevich (1801-64), the Russian publicist, the critic of a serfdom in Estonia. The main transactionses - " the Estonian and his mister ".

BLAGOVO Dmitry Dmitrievich (in monasticism Pimen) (1827-97), archimandrite Tolgskogo of a monastery, the prior of Russian ambassadorial church in Rome. The writer of the book " Stories of the grandmother " (1878-80), tongue of the family legend narrating about a household activities and crop of Russia 18 - 1-st floor. 19 centuries. The collection " Spiritual poems " (1875). Compositions on a history of Russian orthodox church.

GRATEFUL, city (with 1971) in the Russian Federation, Stavropol kr. A depot. 29,9 thousand inhabitants (1992). A flavoring industry.

GRACE, mountain on Compare. Ural, bliz. Kushva. Production of iron oxide. An altitude (prior to the beginning of development) 364 m. See. Goroblagodatskie iron-ore deposits.

BLAGOEV Dimitr (1856-1924), the figure of revolutionary movement in Russia and Bulgaria. In 1883 has based in Saint Petersburg social-democratic Blagoeva group. The organizer (1891) Bulgarian social-democratic parties, in 1903 - consignments tesnjakov, in 1919 - Communist Parties.

BLAGOEVA GROUP, the first social-democratic organization in Russia (Saint Petersburg, 1883-87, with 1884 nazanie " the Consignment Russian social-democratic "). Up to 30 person, primarily students. Chiefs - D.Blagoev, A.P.Latyshev, V.G.Haritonov, N.P.Andreev. Communication with group " Discharging of transactionses ". Ok. 15 working circles (up to 150 person), a underground printing house, the newspaper "Worker". It is routed by police.

BLAGOEVGRAD (up to 1950 Hearths - Dzhumaja), city on a southwest of Bulgaria. 60 thousand inhabitants (1989). Tobacco, alimentary, wood-working, machine-building, furniture, cotton industry. A balneal health resort.

BLAGONRAVOV Anatoly Arkadjevich (1894-1975), the Russian scientist, academician AN the USSR (1943), the general - lieutenant of artillery (1943), doubly the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1964, 1974). Transactionses on mechanics and ammunition arms. The lenin premium (1960), the State premium of the USSR (1941).

RARE GASES (noble gases), chemical elements: helium Not, neon Ne, argon Ar, krypton Kr, xenon He, radon Rn; fall into to VIII group of a periodic system. Monoatomic gases without colour and an odor. In small amounts are present at air, are contained in some minerals, natural gases, in a dissolved kind - in water. Are found also in atmospheres of planets - jumboes. Up to 1962 were considered absolutely chemical inert, however a number derivative Ar, Ne, Xe, Kr and Rn (ftoroksidy, fluorides, connections of inclusion) later is received.

NOBLE TRUES, the fundamentalses of Buddhist doctrine open by the Buddha at the moment of the Clarification and formulated by him in four statements.

NOBLE METALS, gold, silver, platinum and platinum metals (ruthenium, rhodium, a palladium, osmium, iridium). Have reagent resistance, refractoriness (except for Au and Ag), beautiful exterior in items (from here the title).

NOBLE CORAL (red coral), marine sedentary colonial animal order gorgonary. Dwells on depth of 10-200 m in Mediterranean m. and Atlantic ok. (in area of the Canary islands). Of a skeleton do dressings.

RED DEER, a cloven-hoofed animal of a set of deers. The length of a body up to 2,5 m, weighs up to 340 kg. For samtsa branchy horns. A number of a subspecies (the Altay maral, izjubr, etc.), in the Sowing. To Africa, Europe (excepting north-east), Asia (excepting a north), a moderate belt the Sowing. America. It is acclimatized in Australia, It is new. Zealand, JUzh. To America. Object of a hunt (meat, a leather, horns); in a number of places the hunt is forbidden. 8 subspecies in the Red Data Book of International Soyuz of nature protection. Marals and izjubrej cultivate in reindeer-breeding economies (pullet horns - panty annually cut).

BLAGOSVETLOV Grigory Evlampievich (1824-1880), the Russian publicist and the journalist. The member " the Earth and will " 1860th. The publisher - editor of log-books " the Russian word ", "Business".

WELFARE, coverage of the population necessary material and spiritual goods, i.e. subjects, services and the conditions satisfying fixed human requirements. Welfare expresses system of the parameters defining a standard of living.

CHARITY, rendering of material aid requiring both separate persons, and organizations. Charity can be directed also on encouragement and development of any socially significant forms of activity (napr., environmental protection, a protection of monuments of crop).

BLAGOCHINIJA JUSTICE, a police organ in capitals and provincial cities of Russian empire in 1782 - kon. 19 century (were occluded gradually). Carried into execution orders of aboriginal administration and judgements, managed a urban accomplishment (up to 1870) and trade. Had some judicial functions on small-sized criminal and to civil cases (up to 1864).